lab report
...is very important because it is preventing the dangerous ultra violet radiation from reaching down to earth and exterminates all living things. Many modern chemicals, for example chlorine pollution and Freon, breaks down the layer which increases our daily radiation dose. That’s why it has been forbidden to use Freon in refrigerators, where it earlier has been used for the cooling. The ozone is poisonous to inhale and so, for that reason, dangerous at earth level. It is for example found in car engines and copying machines. You can produce ozone by adding oxygen gas and energy by ex. strong electrical discharging. 5 How it is affecting us Too little ozone in our atmosphere makes it dangerous to be in the sun without sun factor on. If you get to much sun you can get skin cancer. If the ozone layer is in good condition it takes care of 99% of the radiation. But we do not get in contact with the most dangerous radiation because of the ozone layer. The problem But now, the ozone layer is not in such a good condition. For about 16 years ago, scientists noticed “a hole in the sky” in the ozone over Antarctic. Later they found a “hole” like the one over Antarctic but by the north half of the earth. Ozone reacts very easily with other gases and breaks down to ordinary oxygen gas. The ozone layer breaks down faster if it is cold, much sun and ice crystals in the air. The dangerous radiation is also dangerous to plants. Over the Antarctic, the photosynthesis in plans had decreased, probably because of the ultra violet radiation. This will in sight hurt the ecosystem. Solutions There are a few things that we can do to prevent the ozone destroying substances: • Do not by clothes that need dry cleaning. Many garments that needs dry cleaning can you wash in ice cold water instead. But that on your own risk because the garment can be destroy. • If you need to throw out an old fridge or a freezer you can make a call to your environment- and health information, and they tell you what to do. • If you know someone who is going to buy an extinguisher you can give them some advice of choosing a fire extinguisher of powder. 6 THE NITROGEN CYCLE Nitrogen is circulating between earth, ocean, and the atmosphere. The plants can not use the nitrogen of the air directly; they have to transform nitrogen gas into nitrogen compounds. The plants then take up the nitrogen compounds and make proteins of them. When the plant die the proteins breaks down with help of micro organisms, into nitrogen compound witch the new plants can take up. With the nitrogen cycle you mean that the nitrogen atoms are recycling over and over. That is very important for all life on earth. The ground in the nitrogen cycle is: 1. The plants take up nitrogen products out of the ground. 2. Plants are building in the nitrogen in proteins, DNA. 3. Animals are eating some of the plants 4. Plants and animals die 5. A big part of the nitrogen from the dead animals and plants end up in the ground again. 7 CARBON CYCLE On earth, all elements are based on the carbon atom. Carbon is saved in the lithosphere in both inorganic and organic forms. The carbon cycle is showing how the carbon moves from the atmosphere to the biosphere and the oceans. The carbon moves from the atmosphere to the trees because the carbon is taking in by the trees and oxygen is coming out. The carbon will not come out of the tree until the tree dies and it brakes down into the soil. Then some of the carbon is going out in the atmosphere again and the rest will have to wait till the fossil fuels. Then it goes out into the atmosphere again. Since the Industrial Revolution began, humans have increased the amount of carbon dioxide found in the oceans and the Earth’s atmosphere. Carbon moves between the biosphere, atmosphere and oceans. Geosphere is described by the carbon cycle illustrated in the diagram. We are all familiar with how carbon exchange by atmosphere and vegetation. The carbon cycle is very complex, and each process has an effect on the next process. We know that the carbon cycle is a closed system, and that means that there is a fixed amount of carbon in the world and it must be somewhere. If we want life to continue, this carbon must be recycled. 8 LAB REPORT ABOUT DILUTE SULPHURIC ACID AND WATER EFFECTS ON DIFFERENT STONES AND METAL. Aim: Our aim is to see what effect dilute sulphuric acid (H2SO4) has on copper nails, iron nails, galvanised iron nails and marble stones. Hypothesis: If we put the different metals in different conical bottles with H2SO4 and water then the metal will be eaten up by the H2SO4 and no...