Plastic Surgery Thesis
...done primarily to enhance the appearance of body parts which fall within normal range of appearance and function. It can be also used to remove birthmarks or scars. Cosmetic surgery is the quest for personal beauty, and usually builds self-esteem for the patient. Ancient Egyptians first used make up to enhance their appearance. The first surgeries date back to India, in 400BC. In Hindu, physicians were surgically reconstructing and amputating noses as a punishment for adultery. During World War I, plastic surgery techniques were common due to disfiguration of soldiers and civilians. Some of these techniques included artificial limbs, skin grafts, and facial reconstruction. In 1994, Americans spent approximately $16 billion dollars on beauty products. The most common plastic surgeries are nasal refinement, skin resurfacing, eye lifts, liposuction, face lift, breast augmentation/ reduction, hair replacement, brow/ forehead lift, ear pinning, and tummy tuck. The need for plastic surgeons is growing rapidly. The education needed for this career is about seventeen years. First, surgeons must complete a four-year bachelor’s degree and then enroll in medical school for another four years, to earn their doctor of medicine degree (M.D.). Next, surgeons must complete a residency program in general surgery, which is another three years, followed by two years of residency. After completing these requirements, the surgeon is then licensed. Some choose to specialize, which adds one more year of education. Some of the specializations are hand surgery, burn care, microvascular, and/or cosmetic surgery. There are many dangers associated with plastic surgery that most patients are not aware of. Women who have breast implants are more likely to die from brain cancer, lung cancer, stom...