phyc. questions
...hways where most all information going to the body from the brain or the brain from the body passes. It also controls most of the basic life functions of the body, breathing, heart beat muscle tone blood pressure and other important functions. If a large amount of opiate drugs, cocaine, or amphetamines are absorbed in the medulla and it is damaged like in the case of Lauren breathing stops along with heart beat or other serious body functions can stop. Bonus question: Naloxone which is also marketed as Narcan, Nalone or Narcanti is a drug that derives from thebaine which is administered to heroine addicts who are overdosing or is used to wheen them off heroine. It is administered intravenously and takes affect in one to two minutes and lasts for about forty five minutes. 4. The Tectum is where all visual and auditory information is interpreted. In the tectum are the superior and inferior colliculi which are the main information interpreters in the tectum. The Tegmentum controls dopamine levels and movement. The substantia nigra is the brains primary producer of dopamine. Fibers from the substantia negra run widely up into the brain. Another region in the tegmentum is the bentral tegmentum area or VTA. The VTA also contains dopamine producing neurons but the fibers from the VTA reach into the frontal lobes of the brain unlike the substantia negra which reaches to the top of the brain the VTA project into the limbic system and the pons midbrain junction. The VTA is also a producer of acetylcholine which is active in muscle control. An example of what the substantia negra would be when you take drugs it would release dopamine into the brain making it feel good. An example for the tectum would be you hear a gun shot and duck down immediately. The RAS is what connects the medulla to the midbrain and the spinal cord. 5. Sorry to say for Dave but he is probably not going to be a happy camper when he wakes up, with damage to the cerebellum he can expect to suffer from one or all of the following, he could have rapid involuntary eye movement, shaking limbs during voluntary movement, decreased muscle tone, speech problems, balance and posture difficulties, a lot of different movement disorders including problems in limb coordination. He could also go schizophrenic because of his injury. 6. see attached diagram 7. The hypothalamus is the part of the brain that maintains homeostasis, which is the balance of chemicals in the brain, a physiological equilibrium; the hypothalamus is tied in with the endocrine system which works to release hormones throughout the body. These hormones can do one of two things; they can have a long lasting affect like a sex hormone or a growth hormone. Or it can have an immediate response like adrenaline. Damage to the endocrine system can cause has shown to cause thyroid disease or diabetes mellitus. 8. In your body there are three major biological rhythms we have going on. Some of them are everyday things that we take for granted such as heat rate, blood sugar levels, hormonal levels….. These rhythms are part of the circadian rhythms. Others are as short as a fraction of a second, these can be things such as an EEG pulse or the release of a neurotransmitter, and this would be part of an ultradian rhythm. The last of the three would be an Infradian rhythm which are long term rhythms like a menstruation cycle or beard hair growth. 9. The “stress central” for the brain is considered to be the Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis, or HPA. The HPA controls the balance and secretion of the stress hormones. Stressful environment stimuli trigger the release of corticotrophin releasing factor (CRF) from nerve cells in the hypothalamus which is spread in the blood system to the anterior pituitary. In response the ant...