Cardiovasular and lymphatic system
... Four oxygen can bind to one Hemoglobin. The shape of the RBC is distinct by its biconcave shape. During division the nucleus is ejected and the cell collapses inward to give it this shape. They are shaped this way specifically for the transportation of oxygen. RBC’s are also anucleate, witch mean they are unable to grow or divide. Iron is carried by the cells for the hemoglobin if there was no iron there would be no hemo. No hemo no hemoglobin, no hemoglobin no oxygen. Leukocytes (WBC) are primarily used in the immune response system. There are five types of white blood cells: neutrophils, eosinophils, basophiles monocytes, and lymphocytes. Neutrophils are active when acute infection occurs. Eosinophils increase in allergy attacks while basophiles are discharged during inflammation. The other two monocytes and lymphocytes are associated with the immune response system. Lymphocytes are a key factor in immunity production; there are T-lymphocytes (t-cells) and B-lymphocytes (B-cells). T-cells are known as killer cells, they provide signals for growth and help fight amongst foreign cells. B-cells produce and secrete proteins that bind to neutralize antigens. They reside in the lymph nodes, spleen, and tissues. Plasma B-cells are used in initial exposure while memory B-cells are used in secondary exposure. Witch means they can remember certain pathogens the next time they come back. Secondly the blood need to be able to travel thought the body. We relay on our Cardiovascular (CV) system to do this. This is a circulatory system that contains a pump witch is the heart and tubes witch are the blood vessels. Blood is what delivers the needed oxygen and nutrients while removing carbon dioxide and wastes. The heart has two pumps, one to pump to pump oxygen poor blood to the lungs and one to pump the body through the rest of the body. Pulmonary circulation begins by receiving oxygen poor blood from the right side of the heart and gives the right side of the heart oxygen enriched blood. From there the right side of the heart pumps that blood to the rest of the body witch is called the systemic system. The blood then would return to the left side of the heart. There are many different vessels the blood travels through in all of these systems The blood moves throughout a series of different vessels throughout the body. From the heart the blood would first go thought the arteries and the arterioles then to the capillaries to venues to veins witch leads back to the heart. Arteries are made up of three layers of tissue, Tunica interna, tunica media, and tunica externa. Veins are similar to arteries except they have one way valves to help blood back to the heart. As the heart pumps it causes pressure change throughout the vessels. You can test this by tacking someone Blood Pressure. There are two numbers a systolic pressure and a diastolic pressure. The systolic pressure occurs when the AV valves close and there is left ventricular contraction. The diastolic pressure occurs when the coronary arteries fill with blood. If there is any leaks in any of the valves in the heart this is called a murmur. The pump of the CV system is the heart. The there are two pumps of the heart, the left ventricle and right ventricle. There are two receiving chambers witch fill the heart that are called the left and right atriums. Action potentials play a big part in the conduction system with continuous opening and closing of channels. The sodium channels open to cause initial depolarization, while at the same time slower calcium channels open. Increased permeability causes a positive membrane potential. Depolarization lasts through increased potassium permeability, and when calcium and potassium channels close, the cell is repolarized to a negative membrane potential. This causes the action potential to contract the heart. It starts in the (SA) node and continues to the AV node, then to the bundle of his, and ending at the purkinje fibers....