Psychology
...oncepts of time, space, volume, and number, but in ways that remain simplified and concrete. In the formal operations stage, which is from 11 years, is when the period of intellectual development marked by a capacity for abstract, theoretical, and hypothetical thinking. In this part of the assignment the two questions pertaining to cognitive thinking were: How would life be on Earth if everyone was blind? and If you were allowed to take one thing with you to keep forever what would it be?. The responses that were received showed that the type of stage used was the formal operations for the middle school child and older because they all showed the period of intellectual development marked by a capacity for abstract, theoretical, and hypothetical thinking. They showed that they need to use more then jus thinking and go beyond that to actually answer the question. While the response received by the elementary school child showed the concrete operations stage, because even though they knew what the question was asking they still didn’t have the thinking capabilities to think that in depth about to answer it and jus gave the answer such as I think it would be bad because they know that being blind isn’t a good thing and you cannot see anything. In Erik Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory of Development there are eight stages. The first stage is from 0-1 year old when u face trust v. mistrust. This is when an infant is well cared for, and will develop faith in the future, but if is shown too much uncertainty about being taken care of the child will come too look at the world with fear and suspicion. The next stage is from 2-3 years, which is autonomy v. doubt. This is when the child learns self- control and self- assertion. But if the child receives too much criticism the child will be ashamed of himself and have doubts about his independence. Then comes initiative v. guilt from the ages 4-5, and this is when the child begins to make their own decisions, constant discouragement or punishment could lead to guilt and a loss of initiative. Then comes industry v. inferiority from 5- puberty, and this is when child masters skills and takes pride in their competence, while too much criticism of their work can lead to long term feelings of inferiority. Then comes identity v. role confusion at adolescence, and this is when the teenager tries to develop their own separate identity while fitting in with their friends. Failure leads to confusion over who they are. Then is intimacy v. isolation at early adulthood, and this is when a person is secure in his own identity can proceed to an intimate partnership in which he makes compromises for another. The isolated person may have many affairs or even a long- term relationship, but always avoids true closeness. Then comes generativity v. stagnation at middle age, and this is when a person who becomes stagnated is absorbed in themselves and tried to hang onto the past. Generativity involves a productive life, which will serve as an example to the next generation. Finally comes integrity v. despair at later adulthood, and this is when some people look back over life with a sense of satisfaction, and accept both bad and the good. Others face death with nothing but regrets. In this part of the assignment the two questions that were asked were: What were you like in the playground in elementary school? And if you went to a new school and didn’t know anyone what would you do? The responses that were received were that they would go and try to make new friends, and as for the playground they said that they were always active and tried to find out what they were good at and stuck to that on the playground. This shows the identity v. role confusion stage, because they all tried to find themselves on the playground, and also when at a new school they would go out and make new friends and try to find themselves. In Kubler-Ross’s theory of death and dying there are five stages. The first stage is denial and isolation where the person tries to deny what is happening to them and isolate themselves. The next stage is anger where the dying individual feels anger and asks “why me?” The third stage is bargaining when the dying person tries to bargain with themselves or with God. T...