François Marie Arouet De Voltaire
... “Histoire De Charles XII” in 1731 and three years later, “Philosophical Letters” in which he compared the French system of government with British system of government. Of course, this book was banned in France, and Voltaire forced to escape from Paris, but the English edition became the British bestseller. After that, Voltaire moved many places in Europe. From 1745 to 1750 Voltaire was a historiographer to Louis XIV, and in 1746, he was elected to the French Academy. One of primary accident, which Voltaire’s mind forced to change, occurred in 1755. Large earthquake in Lisbon destroyed thirty thousand persons in six minutes, and Voltaire considered that it was difficult to discover how the laws of movement operate in such fearful disasters “in the best of all possible worlds.” Voltaire also considered chance human life. In 1755, he settled in Switzerland, where he lived the rest of his life. Voltaire defended the freedom of thoughts and the religious tolerance as the essayist, and his ideas influenced deeply the French Revolution. “Dictionnaire Philosphique” was banned in Paris, Geneva, and Amsterdam. Finally, Voltaire died in Paris in 1778, at the age of eighty-four. First of all, Candide who is the illegitimate son of a Baron's sister lives in the castle of the Baron of Westphalia. His tutor, Pangloss, implants in him a doctrine of the optimism whereby "everything is for the best." One day, Candide makes the big mistake that the Baron discovers. That mistake is that Candide kisses with Miss, Cunégonde who is the daughter of the Baron, behind a screen, and then Candide kicks out from the castle. However, soon Candide forces to enter the army of the King of the Bulgars. During a gruesome battle with the Abares, Candide escapes from the Bulgar army and travels to Holland. Jacques who is the Anabaptist charitably takes Candide under his care in Holland. Someday, on the street, Candide meets his old tutor, Pangloss. He tells Candide that Miss Cunégonde has been raped and disembowels by the Bulgar soldiers On the way of Lisbon, nearing the city, their ship is caught in a storm and sank. After the shipwreck of Jacques and a tremendous earthquake and volcanic eruption Candide is flogged and Pangloss hanged because they are arrested by a superstitious mob and slated to be human sacrifices to quell earthquakes, and In Lisbon, most people were Anti-Semitics and Candidate and Pangloss were considered Jews by people. Fortunately, Candide escapes and then, an Old Woman nurses his wounds and later escorts him to see Miss Cunégonde, who has survived. Miss Cunégonde tells Candide cruel rapes at the Westphalia and her overjoyed lover that she has served as a mistress to numerous men and currently worked for both Jewish merchant, Don Issachar and Grand Inquisitor since surviving the soldiers' obviously nonfatal mistreatment. Just then, Don Issachar enters the room to find his mistress and Candide entwines on the couch. In self-defense, Candide kills Don Issachar. And then, the Grand Inquisitor also enters, and Candide is forced to take his life as well. After that, the Old Woman suggests that Candide, Cunégonde and the old woman escape by horseback. Unfortunately, Miss Cunégonde's jewels and diamonds are stolen at a tavern. Then, they go to Buenos Ayres by the ship. The resident Governor, Don Fernando, falls in love with beautiful Miss Cunégonde. Then, the Old Woman advises Miss Cunégonde to marry with the wealthy governor. Because agents of the Grand Inquisitor arrive in Buenos Ayres to search Miss Cunégonde and Candide and marriage of Miss Cunégonde, Candide forces to escape from Buenos Ayres with his footman Cacambo, who leads him to Paraguay. Then, they join with the Paraguayan forces. When Candide is taken to see the colonel, he surprises to recognize him because the colonel is the son of the late Baron who is Cunégonde brother. During talking, Candide reveals his intentions to marry Cunégonde. Then, the colonel gets into a rage because Candide is not the royal birth and has no claim to her. Therefore, Candide stabs and kills him with his sword, then, once more, he and Cacambo escaped to the South American frontier. In El Dorado, there is only one religion, no civil or religious wars, no courts of law, and the king is of high moral character. Diamonds and precious gems litter around the ground like pebbles. However, Candide can not become happy in this utopian place without Cunégonde, and he requests to leave El Dorado in order to get her. The king graciously permits the exit of Candide and Cacambo and gives them with one hundred sheep loaded with jewels. However, only two sheep survive the Perilous sea journey. Candide orders Cacambo to return to Paraguay to buy back Cunégonde from the governor. Candide makes a promise wi...