Genetic emgineering
... organisms by Horizontal Gene Transfer which is another way for genes to be passed on. The anitibiotic resitance gene is often used as a marker to identify GMOs. By HGT this can be passed on to non-target organisms · In humans gene disruption can trigger cancer, in animals the succesful splicing of a gene into it's genome and then having it express itself is low. · Once they've completed their function they may be an unwanted addition to the ecosystem. There are various techniques used in genetic engineering. These techniques are: Restriction Enzymes, Ligation, Gel Electrophoresis and Polymerase Chain Reaction. Restriction enzymes are the enzymes that are used to cut the DNA at a specific place. They act by recognizing a particular sequence of code. In the case of the restriction enzyme EcoRI from the bacterium Escherichia coli it recognizes the site where the base sequence is GAATTC. They are used to cut out genes wanted for the process of genetic modification. Ligation is the process whereby DNA fragments cut by restriction enzymes are assembled and “glued” together. Only DNA fragments that have been cut with the same Restriction enzymes can be annealed together as they have matching ends or base sequences at the end of their fragment. DNA of different origins produced in this way is called recombinant DNA...