Chapters
...nd neutrons make up the nucleus. (The common form of hydrogen has no neutron and is the only exception.) Protons are about 1800 times more massive than electrons, but carry an amount of positive charge equal to the negative charge of electrons. Neutrons have slightly more mass than protons and have no charge. Atoms: When an atom loses one or more electrons, it has a positive net charge. When it gains one or more electrons, it has a negative net charge. An atom in its normal state has the same number of electrons as protons. Positive Ion: has a net positive charge. Negative Ion: with one or more extra electrons, has a net negative charge. Coulomb's Law: For any two electrically charged bodies, that relationship amoung the electric force the bodies exert on each other, the charge on the two bodies, and the distance between them: If the charges are alike in sign, the force is repelling; if the charges are unlike, the force is attractive. K is the proportionality constant q...