materials and methods
...) are loaded into the sample wells in the order of sheep, horse, goat, and cow from left to right. With the electrophoresis at 100 volts, the dye should have migrated to the positive electrode end of the gel within two cm after about an hour. When this had occurred, agarose gel is removed from the electrophoresis unit and gel box, into a staining dish, where the gel is covered with the staining solution and placed into a 37°C incubation chamber for thirty minutes. After incubation, the gel is removed from the staining solution and covered with 10% acetic acid destain solution for students to observe the patterns. The observations and inferences you have just made are very similar to those made by systematic in determining relationships and constructing classifications. However, it is important that homologous traits, those have a common genetic and developmental substrate or background, be disti...