Terrorism
...t victims suffer the most and perceive the world as unstable place to live. The emotional problems are so big that many are even afraid to go outside because of fear to face terrorism in the neighborhood. Many studies have proved that violence creates long lasting mental and health effect, even greater than natural accidents. Indirect victims feel that what happened to others is injustice. The consequences are anger, feeling of helplessness, fear and sometimes a desire for revenge. If the terrorist attack is on national level, then survivors start to develop some kind of stereotyping and discrimination to the nation whose citizens participated in this attack. Racial profiling in the airports today of the travelers of Asian origin is a vivid example of the fear of people to be attacked again. The most wide-spread stress of the indirect victims is Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Family members, rineds and rescue workers are the most open to it. It happens that rescue workers have direct relationship with those who are killed or missing. It is twice harder to them because they must cope with their own feelings and demands of the rescue mission. For example, in the case with September 11, it was extremely difficult for them to identify and remove the casualties. Fortunately, there have been very few terrorist attacks in the United States. However, very little attention has been paid to the indirect victims and how they are affected by terrorism. For example, over a year after Oklahoma bombing it was reported that rate of alcohol use, stress and smocking was continuously increasing as compared to the citizens of other metropolitan cities. In addition, about half of survivors who were directly exposed to the blast (both direct and indirect victims) reported having problems with depression, anxiety and PTSD. These people cannot have normal life as they had before, some cannot continue working. Thus effects are not only mental, but also social. Moreover, following the crash of Pan-Am flight 103 almost 3/4th of people reported having PTSD and more than half of them continued to have it even after three years after the crash. Anxiety, nightmares, depression and fear of subways is a common experience of those who were exposed to poisonous gas in the Subway Attack in Japan. What is the most important is that stress of indirect victims is long-lasting and hard to cure. From the other hand, even though who were killed in the result of terrorist attack are also indirect victims because they were innocent. Usually terrorist do not have a a specific criteria for choosing the group for attack. They want to say something to the higher authority or just to get noticed. It is hard to determine the original intend of them in any case. Nevertheless, terrorists themselves are also indirect victims of their own acts. In m...