terrorism
...merican operations, but Europe was their primary center of activity, in particular Germany and Italy. These groups were in decline by the 1980s, and generally no longer exist, particularly after the collapse of Communism in 1989. Although these organizations identified with the Marxist Left, they broke from the old-Left idea that action must be based on an analysis of class forces and on organized support from the working class. What the old Left saw as rejecting naive 'voluntarism' looked to the new revolutionaries as a failure of nerve when social conditions demanded action. Italy's extremist left was drawn from a student body that had grown in the 1960s through a vast expansion of university places -- places that, however, had been created without matching expendi...