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...s have three areas of operation. 1. Cutoff Region: When B-E junction and B-C junction are reverse biased it is in cutoff region. Practically no current flows in this region except a very small reverse saturation current. 2. Active Region: There can be two configurations of active region: a. Forward Active: When B-E junction is forward biased and B-C junction is reverse biased. The characteristic of this region is that the Collector current IC is directly proportional to the base current IB. The voltage between the base and the emitter terminal VBE is around 0.65-0.7 volts. b. Reverse Active: When B-C junction is forward biased and B-E junction is reverse biased. The relation between the collector current and the base current is still the same with the exception that now the emitter junction is working as a collector junction and collector junction as an emitter junction. 3. Saturation Region: When B-E junction is forward biased and B-C junction is also forward biased. The characteristic of this region is that the collector current is no longer proportional to the base current and the voltage between the collector and emitter junction VCE is about 0.2 volts or less. The voltage between the base and the emitter terminal VBE is greater than 0.7 volt in the vicinity of 0.75 to 0.78 volt. Procedure Materials: 1. 1 pnp transistor 2. 1 npn transistor 3. 1 1k W resistor 4. 1 breadboard 5. 1 multimeter 6. 1 DC power supply 7. 2 sets of cables To determine what type of transistor we’re analyzing, we have to test a transistor in series with a 1k resistor and a 9V voltage source. The voltage was set to 9V on the DC power supply but when measured with the multimeter for accuracy, the actual voltage was 9.03V. We tested each transistor six times as shown in Figure 1. The first three tests, we connected two different legs into the breadboard with a positive voltage across the resistor and transistor. The last three tests are the same as befo...