China
...rosion and economic development. The population of China is 1,261, 832,482 million. The country has enforced a rule to one child policy because of the huge population that's growing in China. The one child policy has reduced the population growth in China. The birth control measures were promoted to the citizens of China and this also help reduce the birth rate to help reduce population. The age structure of China is 0-14 years: 25% (male 168,040,006; female 152,826,953) 15-64 years 68% (male 439,736,737; female 413,454,673) and 65 years and over: 7% (male 41,2900,2967; female 46,573,816). The population growth rate is about 0.9%. The Chinese people are peaceful, hardworking and easily contented. They respect elders, love children and are patient with their fellow man. The Chinese are reserve and humble, they believe in harmony and never look for confrontation. China has a huge land and a large population, meaning there are a variety of religions. The Chinese believe in a few different religions such as Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism and Judaism. Confucianism was not really a religion its founders name is Confucius (551 B.C -m 479 B.C) who believed that the Chinese influence should be to set the patterns of living and standards of social values. He never intended to set up a religion be to began philosophy and humanism. Confucianism ruled China for 2,000 years and there still some other prehistoric religions and beliefs that are followed by some of the minorities. Buddhism in China can be categorized into Han Buddhism, Tibetan Buddhism and Southern Buddhism. Buddhism means meditation. It aims the ability to achieve enlightenment is inherent within everyone but lies dormant because of ignorance. Buddhism holds a sudden breaking during the boundaries of common, everyday, logical thought is the right way. Taoism was originally known as philosophy school of dozens schools instead of a religion in the Spring and Autumn period. The most famous and outstanding of philosophers of Taoism is Laoi more commonly known as Chuang Tzu. Taoism is said to be hard to understand, but is tells many truths and shows wisdom. Tao means the path or the way, it is known as the natural way the universe, the driving power in nature, the order behind all life and the driving force behind all living things. Taoist belief is if created by nature is thereby to be worshiped by nature. During the Tang Dynasty , small groups of Jews settled in China. The most prominent early community was at Kaifeng, in Henan province. In the 20th century, many Jews arrived in Hong Kong and Shanghai during those cities' periods of economic expansion in the first decades of the century, as well as for the purpose of seeking refuge from the Holocaust in Western Europe. Shanghai was particularly notable for its volume of Jewish refugees, most of whom left after the war, the rest relocating prior to or immediately after the establishment of the People's Republic. Today, the Kaifeng Jewish community is functionally extinct. Many descendants of the Kaifeng community still live among the Chinese population, mostly unaware of their Jewish ancestry. Meanwhile, remnants of the later arrivals maintain communities in Shanghai and Hong Kong. In recent years a community has also developed in Beijing. More recently, since the late 20th century, along with the study of religion in general, the study of Judaism and Jews in China as an academic subject has begun to develop. There are seven major dialects and many sub-dialects in China. The most common dialect spoken is known as Mandarin or Putonghua, this dialect is widely used by over 70 percent of the population. Putonghua is referred to as the Han language (hanyu) or Chinese. The governmental structure of China is a communist state. The capital of China is Beijing. The government structure in 1987 was based on the State Constitution adopted on 12/4/1982, by the National People's Congress, China's largest legislative body. The NPC meets annually for about 2 weeks to review and approve major new policy directions, laws, the budget, and major personnel changes. When the NPC is not in session, its permanent organ, the Standing Committee, exercises state power. The 1987 government structure superseded the 3 previous state constitutions of 1954, 1975 and 1978. The1982 state constitution reflects Deng Xiapong's determination to lay an institutional foundation of domestic stability and modernization for China. The 1982 State Constitution is a lengthy, mixture document of 138 articles. The new constitution is deemphasizing the class struggle and place top priority on development and on incorporating the contributions and interests of nonparty groups that can playa role in modernization. The flag description of China is red with a yellow five pointed star and four smaller yellow five pointed stars (arranged in a vertical arc toward the middle of the flag, in the upper hoist side corner. The economy of China has changed vastly by the Chinese leadership from sluggish Soviet style centrally planned economy to a more market oriented economy but still within a severe political framework of Communist Party control. To end this the authorities have switched to a system of household responsibility in agriculture in place of the old closed society, increased the authority of local officials and plant mangers in industry, permitted a wide variety of small scale enterprise in services and light manufacturing, and opened the economy to increased foreign trade and investment. China has become the second largest economy in the world after the US Agricultural output doubled in the 1980's and industry also posted major gains. China's leadership approved additional long term reforms aimed at giving still more play to market oriented institutions and at strengthening the center control over the financial system. Chinese art has varied throughout its ancient history, divided into periods by the ruling dynasties of China and changing technology, as well as influenced by great philosophers, teachers and religion. Early forms of art in China were made from pottery and jade in the Neolithic period, to which was added bronze in the Shang Dynasty. The Shang are most remembered for their bronze casting, noted for its clarity of detail. Early Chinese music and poetry was influenced by the Book of Songs, Confucius and the Chinese poet and statesman Qu Yuan. Early Chinese music was based on percussion instruments, which later gave away to string and reed instruments. In early imperial China, porcelain was introduced and was refined to the point that in English the word China has become synonymous with high-quality porcelain. Around the 1st century AD, Buddhism arrived in China, though it did not become popular until the 4th century. At this point, Chinese Buddhist art began to flourish, a process which continued through the 8th century. Around this period, several well-known Chinese poets infl...