hooliganism
Football hooliganism has been a problem in many countries around the globe for a considerable amount of time. Despite all measures taken, the problem appears to persist and in some cases seems to have become bigger. But this is not everywhere the case. In certain countries, the measures taken appear to have had a considerable effect in reducing the - at least publicised- hooliganism. This is the case with England where hooliganism has a long and dreadful history and has had a deep impact on its society. English football hooliganism does not appear on official studies until the 1960s but there is evidence that violence had been present since as far back as the 1870s. Regardless of the precise date, it is accepted that the most important crisis moment was in late 1980s when violent incidents, of an extremely brutal nature, were at their peak (Soccer and Society, page 28 and page 45, Tom Gibbons, Kevin Dixon and Stuart Braye). This was combined with events such as the Heysel Stadium disaster (29 May 1985) where 39 Juventus fans were crushed to death at the European Cup Final between Liverpool and Juventus. Shortly before kick-off, Liverpool fans broke through a police line and ran toward the Juventus supporters. When they broke through a fence separating them from the Italian supporters, the English supporters attacked the Italians (mostly families rather than "hard-core" fans).