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... In Voltaire’s Candide, the sense and referent of signs are related and fall under an anti-optimistic/societal view that Voltaire ultimately gets across with the narrative.
The old woman makes her introduction in the seventh chapter, when she nurses Candide’s wounds from the auto-de-fé. ... On the South American bound ship, the old woman tells her horrific past; they turn out to overshadow Cunegonde’s experiences. ... The old woman represents the hardships endured by women in Voltaire’s day. ...
The preceptor Pangloss, the professor of the metaphysico-theological-cosmolo-nigology, was the oracle of Thunder-ten-Tronckh and accompanied Candide in the beginning and ending of the story. ... At the beginning of Candide’s adventure, James the Anabaptist rescues a sailor from the turbulent waters of the Bay of Lisbon and falls in during the process. Candide attempts to rescue him, but Pangloss stops him, insisting that “the Bay of Lisbon had been made on the purpose for the Anabaptist to be drowned” (Voltaire 10). Pangloss’s sense is the philosophers of Voltaire’s time. ... Pococurante is the sense for the intellectuals of Voltaire’s day. ... Candide tells Martin that Pococurante is the happiest of all mortals, because he has a higher standard than what he owns. Finally, Candide states that there is some pleasure in having no pleasure (Candide 73). ...
During their adventures in the Western Hemisphere, Candide and Cacambo arrive at El Dorado. ... Religion was important to have, but it should have been dealt with easily and set aside (Candide 44). Candide asks the old man from El Dorado who the priests were, and he answers that everyone was a priest (Candide 44). ... The people in El Dorado do not pray because God had given them all they needed (Candide 44). People in Voltaire’s time always found something they ‘needed’ and prayed for it. It can be said that El Dorado’s referent (more precisely the old man’s referent) is a solution for all the religious controversies present in Voltaire’s day.
Approximate Word count = 1669
Approximate Pages = 6.7
(250 words per page double spaced)
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