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Autologous Donations
An "autologous" donation occurs when a person donates his or her own blood for personal use. This means that, since the blood is not be be used for anyone else, then units positive for infectious agents and units with irregular blood group antibodies are still acceptable for autologous donation.
However, because of the potential risk for a clerical error with mistransfusion of an autologous unit in the inventory, units positive for hepatitis B (HBsAg) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are not allowed into the Blood Bank. ...
There are three other ways, aside from the "predeposit" of blood as outlined above, to make use of the patients own blood:
1. Hemodilution: the patients blood is collected prior to surgery and replaced with a plasma expander. ... Then the previously collected, higher hematocrit blood can be given back to the patient following surgery. ... Cell Saver: this device is used to collect blood in the operative field during surgery, wash it, and return it with saline to the patient. ... Wound drainage: blood is collected from cavities (such as a joint space into which bleeding has occurred) and returned through a filter (which removes big items like thrombi and tissue fragments, but does not remove inflammatory chemical mediators or cytokines).
Directed Donations
A "directed" donation occurs when the potential recipient of blood or blood products designates certain persons to donate specifically for his or her use. In general, blood collected from directed donations is no safer than that of the general blood supply because of the stringent screening and testing of volunteer donors that ordinarily occurs. ... The donor may not want to answer the exclusionary questions of the blood safety form and health questionnaire properly. ... There are contraindications, such as an increased risk for transfusion-asscociated graft versus host disease (TAGVHD), alloimmunization of potential recipients of transplants, and increased risk for hemolytic disease of the newborn in mothers receiving blood from fathers.
There is a small but significant risk for TAGVHD in persons receiving blood from relatives, because of similar genetic makeup. ... Thus, all units of blood collected by directed donation typically undergo gamma irradiation to destroy any white blood cells that could cause TAGVHD. This adds significantly to the cost of blood processing, and these units must be discarded if not used within 24 hours.
Patients who request directed donations from family and friends often do not realize the pressure such a request can place upon an individual who does not qualify to donate blood. That individual, if answering the questions in the interview properly, will be excluded from donating, which will result in family members asking questions about why the blood was not accepted. The alternative is answering the questions untruthfully and compromising the safety of the blood products collected.
RECEIVING A BLOOD TRANSFUSION:
WHAT EVERY PATIENT SHOULD KNOW
How many Americans need blood each year?
Approximate Word count = 2314
Approximate Pages = 9.3
(250 words per page double spaced)
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