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Advaita: non duality, identity of the spirit and matter - essentially are all 'one'. The philosophical belief that underlies the teaching in the Bhagavad Gita and Upanishads. There is only one Consciousness, one Supreme Spirit, despite multiplicity; this is the 'ultimate truth' in the text known to Vasudeva and Buddha. Atman: breath, principle of life, the individual soul; in the grammar of Sanskrit it is also used as the reflexive pronoun: oneself Bhagavad Gita: A series of discourses between Lord Krishna and the warrior prince Arjuna from which flow the essential teachings of Indian philosophy, equivalent to the New Testament. It forms one episode in India's Great Epic, the Mahabharata, written later than the 'classical' Upanishads. Brahman: from root 'bhri' to grow, expand, increase. Hence the 'swelling of soul' that leads to the meaning of the self existent, impersonal Spirit, the Absolute, the Eternal, the Universal essence from which all created things emanate or with which they are identified and to which they return; not generally an object of worship, but rather of meditation and knowledge. Brahmin: not to be confused with Brahman (see above). The priestly class, highest of the four division in ancient Hindu society; strictly speaking, one who knows and repeats Vedas, e.g. Siddhartha and his family. Buddha: from the Sanskrit root ' budh' 'to wake up', hence, The Awakened or Enlightened One. Hence Buddha is not a proper name but a title. Chandogya Upanishad: see under Upanishads. Cycle of rebirth: reincarnation is an essential belied in the East, not only in India. When we become one with out Creator (the heaven of Christianity ) the chains of rebirth are broken for ever. For many, to achieve such a state (bliss) is the sole goal of human existence. Doppelganger: literally 'double', a common device in modern novels in which the author and the main character are generally one and the same person; a favourite method of writing of Hesse's. Gotama: Buddha's family name in the last of his earthly incarnations in the sixth century BC. Govinda: literally ' cowman'; one who looks after cows; Govinda is one of the thousand names of Krishna; another Govinda was the teacher of Shankara, founder of the monastic order in India; his commentaries on the Bhagavad Gita and Upanishads are accepted masterpieces. Grenzsituation: literally a 'borderline situation', 'crisis point', with necessitates and results in some action or change in events. Guru: a Sanskrit term having multiple meanings, the basic one being 'heavy or weighty', also meant a spiritual parent or preceptor from whom a youth receives instruction, prayer, the 'sastras' (rules sacred teachings).
Approximate Word count = 1633
Approximate Pages = 6.5
(250 words per page double spaced)
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