Inevitability Of Tess Tragedy
The Inevitability Of Tess Tragedy 摘要: 人们常说若想了解19世纪英国的历史,那就读一下哈代的小说,或许这样说有些夸大其辞,但从中我们也不难看出哈代小说的重要性，其从诸多方面形象反映了当时的社会风貌。在哈代的多部小说中，《德伯家的苔丝》最为闻名，它深刻刻画了一个备受贫困、社会习俗、及对被侮辱妇女的偏见所迫做错事的妇女。 《德伯家的苔丝》被认为是哈代文学成就的顶峰，这部小说向我们展现了苔丝这样一个不断与命运抗争最终却以悲剧告终的人物形象。苔丝的梦想、个人意识接连不断的经受着一系列不幸事件的考验，虽然她的悲惨命运受到一些神秘力量的影响，但小说所表现出的现实主义背景却清晰指出了导致其悲剧的其他因素 ─ 英国农民阶级的分裂与资产阶级社会伪善的道德意识，无疑苔丝是我们在这部小说中找到的最纯洁善良美丽的妇女之一。她是一个孝顺的女儿，关心家庭胜于关心自己；她是一个贤惠的妻子，对丈夫的爱远超过对自身的爱。我常常想：为什么一个如此善良的妇女竟会遭遇如此多的不幸呢？在那种凄惨的情况下，苔丝有无其他更好的选择呢？ 此论文从时代背景、家庭因素、苔丝自身性格因素以及大自然所暗示的意义方面列举、陈述了导致苔丝悲剧的一系列原因，通过对这些原因的分析，读者会深刻体会到其悲剧是在所难免的，是众多因素造就的必然结果。 关键词： 必然性 苔丝 悲剧 命运 道德 Abstract: It is saying that if you want to learn about the history of the nineteenth century of Britain, please read the novels of Thomas Hardy. ... And among Hardy’s novels—Tess of the D’urbervilles described a wronged woman by the poverty and the ideas of a seduced woman of the society at that time. Tess of the D’urbervilles was the height of Hardy’s achievement. In this novel, we are introduced to Tess, an individual who is constantly rendered defenceless against fate. Tess’ ideals and sense of individuality are continuously tested by a series of misadventures and accidents. Though the tragic fate of Tess is under the influence of some mysterious force, the realistic unfolding of the story points definitely to the disintegration of English peasantry and the hypocritical morality of bourgeois society as the obvious causes of the tragedy. It is no doubt that Tess is one of the purest, kindest and loveliest women we can find in the novels. ... Can Tess have other better choices in her terrible situation? This essay will list some reasons which influence Tess tragic features from the background of that era, family causes, internal causes of Tess and natures implied meaning. ... Keywords: Inevitability Tess tragedy fate morality Ⅰ. ... The status and influence of tragic features of Tess of the D’urbervilles and two different viewpoints produced by this book. In 1891, Hardys novel—Tess of the Durbervilles was produced. ... Tess of the Durbervilles raised many questions about society, religion and morals. ... Conservative British Bishop unilaterally stressed wicked love and revenge on the enemy appeared in Hardys Tess of the Durbervilles. ... Hardy gave up writing novels under the pressure of British bishop, but this controversy had concerned deeply the value of Tess of the Durbervilles. Naturally it was worthy from generations to generations of reading it, of researching the tragic power of Tess of the D’urbervilles. ... General commentary and summary of this book As the title implies, Tess of the Durbervilles is basically the story of a country girl, Tess Durberfield. ... Tess—a fresh and virginal daughter of nature struggled against hypocritical morality with her contradictory qualities. ... After the babys death, Tess wanted to live another life with her pride and independence. ... Their spiritual love injected new blood for Tess. But his rejection of Tess on their wedding night, his limitations which couldnt free himself from the conventions put Tess into a dark world even more cruel than Alecs actions. ... From here Tess had become a time bomb, if the outside gave her some energies, she would explode. After Angels fuller understanding of himself and the world, his return light the fire of Tess love. ... Tess last thorough resistance to violence and the end of ruining together with the oppression were the rising of her character and morals; they were also the highest mark of Hardys critical realism in the creative writing road. ... Some comments by the famous reasonable learned man emphasized the inevitability of Tess death and gave the death reasonable evaluation Tess of the Durbervilles ended with the death of the heroine. She was considered as the tragedy of a pioneer who died in the wilderness. ... Tess was one of the rebellious pioneer and fatal fighters. ... Early in this story she had put her hand to brow, and felt its curve, and the edgest her eye-sockets perceptible under the soft skin, and thought as she did so that a time would come when that bone would be bare Angel realizes his responsibility in intruding upon” the single opportunity of existence ever vouchsafed to Tess. The fact that every individual life is precious, and also emphasized the inevitability of death. ... The reality of Tess of the Durbervilles was obvious to all. ... During the test of time for 108 years, peoples attention to Tess of the Durbervilles was added, the depth and the width of research beyond the past. ... Tess of the Durbervilles became the most acute denouncement against British ruling class and the whole capitalism. The tragedy of Tess was rightly the epitome of many labors in that socialism of extremely rottenness. ... Hardy endowed Tess with great vigor, fused the tragedy of main fate and character into the rich contents of social tragedy, and sent this book to the ridges of British novels directly. ... The inevitability of Tess tragedy produced by outside causes A. Tess nature contradicted with hypocritical era and religion The nineteenth century’s England always impressed people by the rapid development of economy. ... But Tess did not agree to marry with Alec because she did not love him. ... Angel who was avant-courier could not forgive Tess after Tess’ confession, though he thought that it was not Tess’ fault. In Angel’s mind Tess was no longer a pure woman after it. We can get some ideas of it from what Angel said,“ Don’t, Tess; don’t argue. ... ” The character of Tess is extremely well drawn. A victim of the society, Tess is portrayed as a brave girl, hard-working and sweet-natured and innocent, and yet she is not free from the influence of social conventions and moral standards of the day. ... Tess is defenseless. It is clear that Hardy intents to portray Tess as a victim and to impress us so much with her nobility of character that we react with outrage to her unhappy life, and it is obvious that Hardy tries to show all the supposedly criminal or immoral actions committed by Tess—from her improper relations once and again with Alec to her final act of murder—are the consequences of economic conditions as well as the legal, moral and religious standards of bourgeois society, for only the utter poverty of Tess’ family, the double moral standards for man and woman and the religious concept of sin made it inevitable for her to go to work on the farms and to fall into the traps of Alec and the accusations of Angel Clare until her remorse and her bitterness over her fate led up to the murder. ... Hardy means to accept Tess’ tragedy as foreordained, willed by the universe, and executed by powers beyond moral control. ... Pure folk customs of Wessex and strong primitive views molded Tess female figure who was beautiful, pure, virtuous and industrious. A childish heart was bundle into Tess mature body. ... Tess’ life was consistently adhered to natural law. ... Life emerged muddily but sometimes was extremely distinct before Tess. ... The author pointed directly, beyond control the law destroyed by Tess which accepted by human, not natural law. but the social crime made Tess endure all the suffering. ... Tess’ tragedy wasnt the tease by destiny, but was caused by that era which ignored the existence of human nature and throttled humanity ruthlessly. ... From the whole novel we know that in fact Angel loved Tess deeply. ... Tess suffered most from the chain events. ... After the death of her child, Tess spirit within her rose automatically as the sap in the twigs. ... The inevitability of tragedy caused by Tess unique personality which is different from her parents Tess D’urbeyfield is the daughter of a poor villager who at the beginning of the novel discovers that she is the descendant of the ancient family of the D’urbervilles, so Tess is persuaded by her mother to visit the prosperous D’urbervilles and claim kindred. ... Although Hardy in this novel, as in his other novels, again tries to explain the tragic fate of the heroine as under the influence of some mysterious forces, especially by attributing the whole tragedy as resultant from the accidental discovery by Tess’ father of their ancestry and by emphasizing the unhappy relations between Tess and Angel Clare, yet the realistic unfolding of the story by the novelist practically defeats his own wished-for conclusion and points definitely to the disintegration of English peasantry and the hypocritical morality of bourgeois society as the obvious causes of the tragedy. Tess is often compared to a bird caught in a trap, and by the repeated use of this metaphor the author pictures his heroine as almost without blame for her sin against society. ... " Tess’ mother in some sense was the person who pushed Tess to the unfortunate. Tess’ mother dreamed that Tess married a rich person to help the family, and Alec was by the hand. She ignored Tess’ feelings. As an obedient daughter, Tess was forced by her parents ambitions to go to her wealthy D’Urbervilles as ‘cousins’. Tess Durbeyfield was so beautiful that Alec was attracted to her and seduced her. Several years later, when Tess’ marriage was in danger, Alec again tried to get Tess. The second time is the real tragedy.