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Toxicology is best defined as the study of poisons, or toxins, from the standpoint of detection, isolation, identification, and determination of their effects on the human body. Toxicology may be considered the branch of pharmacology devoted to the study of the poisonous effects of drugs. It is also a division of forensic medicine concerned with the detection of the criminal use of poisons. Toxicology is also the studies of unwanted effects of chemical or physical agents, including drugs and pollutants on living organisms. There are many branches of toxicology including those that focus on the toxicity to a specific organ system or on issues associated with food safety, metal toxicity, reproductive and developmental toxicology, regulatory toxicology, occupational health, forensic toxicology, epidemiology (the study of populations to determine the frequency and distribution of disease and measure risks), and cancer development. At toxic levels, drugs and other substances can cause cells of a target organ to die. If the insult is severe, the organ may not regain normal function. The outcome reflects the ability of the particular organ to regenerate and respond to damage. There are numerous types of diseases that are caused by toxic substances. One disease caused by toxic substances is asbestosis. During asbestosis, the lungs are exposed to many biologically active substances such as asbestos and ozone through inhalation. The bloodstream can also deliver toxic substances to the lungs. Certain cancer chemotherapeutic substances can cause lung damage. The liver is a target of many toxic substances. The blood draining the stomach and small intestine is transported directly to the liver, exposing it to relatively high amounts of ingested drugs or toxins.
Approximate Word count = 1016
Approximate Pages = 4.1
(250 words per page double spaced)
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