|
|
This is only a preview of the paper
Click here to register and get the full text.
Existing members click here to login
|
|
|
... 1 Cellular Manufacturing
Manufacturing industries are under intense pressure from the increasingly-competitive global
marketplace. ... Manufacturing systems must be able to output products with low production
costs and high quality as quickly as possible in order to deliver the products to customers
on time. In addition, the systems should be able to adjust or respond quickly to changes in
product design and product demand without major investment. Traditional manufacturing
systems, such as job shops and
ow lines, are not capable of satisfying such requirements.
Job shops are the most common manufacturing system in the United States [13]. ... Machines are functionally grouped according to the general type of
manufacturing process: lathes in one department, drill presses in another, and so forth. ... 1: Job Shop Manufacturing (Black [13])
processing more economical, parts are moved in batches. ...
As indicated above, job shops and
ow lines cannot meet todays production requirements
where manufacturing systems are often required to be recon gured to respond to changes
in product design and demand. As a result, cellular manufacturing (CM), an application
of group technology (GT), has emerged as a promising alternative manufacturing system.
Within the manufacturing context, GT is de ned as a manufacturing philosophy identifying
similar parts and grouping them together into families to take advantage of their similarities
Anan Mungwattana Chapter 1. ... 2: Flow Line Manufacturing
in design and manufacturing [76]. CM involves the formation of part families based upon
their similar processing requirements and the grouping of machines into manufacturing cells
to produce the formed part families. ... A manufacturing cell consists of several functionally dissimilar machines
which are placed in close proximity to one another and dedicated to the manufacture of a
part family.
The tenet of CM is to break up a complex manufacturing facility into several groups of
machines (cells), each being dedicated to the processing of a part family. ... 1 is converted into a cellular manufacturing system (CMS) as
shown in Figure 1. ... Introduction 4
M
L
L
L
L
M D
L
L
A
Cell 1
Receiving and
shipping
L L M M
L L M M
D
G G A
D
G A
Cell 3
Cell 2
D
G
A
Leftover
process
Floor
spac
available
for
manufacturing
Figure 1.3: Cellular Manufacturing (Black [13])
CM is a hybrid system linking the advantages of both job shops (
exibility in producing a
wide variety of products) and
ow lines (ecient
ow and high production rate). ...
In conclusion, CM is a manufacturing system that can produce medium-volume/medium-
variety part types more economically than other types of manufacturing systems [12]. ... The survey byWemmerlov and Johnson [97] arms that the greatest reported
bene ts from CM appear along the dimension of time (manufacturing lead time and customer
response time). Thus, CM represents a logical choice for rms whose strategy is time-based
competitive manufacturing [87]. ... During the ve-year
period ending in 1989, the estimated number of manufacturing cells operating in the U. ... 2 Bene ts of Cellular Manufacturing
The advantages derived from cellular manufacturing in comparison with traditional man-
ufacturing systems in terms of system performance have been discussed in [4], [15], [23],
[27], [39], [40], [41], [51], [82], [96] and [97]. ... A manufacturing cell is designed to handle parts
having similar shapes and relatively similar sizes. ... Instead of make-to-stock systems with parts either being
run at long, xed intervals or random intervals, the parts can be produced either
just-in-time (JIT) in small lots or at xed, short intervals. ... In CM, the
manufacturing facility is broken down into manufacturing cells and each part travels
with a single cell, resulting in easier scheduling and control. ... Collet and Spicer
[23], in a case analysis of a small manufacturing company, found that cellular manufacturing
systems resulted in a number of performance improvements when compared to job shops. ... These criteria included WIP, lead time, late orders, scrap, labor cost
and manufacturing space. ...
CM is considered as a prerequisite for just-in-time (JIT) manufacturing [82]. JIT requires
manufacturing systems to have little or zero setup time, small lot sizes, and low inventory. ... Black [13] also emphasized that forming
manufacturing cells is the rst critical step to achieve JIT manufacturing. ... 3 Design of Cellular Manufacturing Systems
As described above, the bene ts resulting from CM can be substantial. ... Design of cellular manufacturing systems (CMSs) is a
complex, multi-criteria and multi-step process. ... The design of CMSs has been called
cell formation (CF), part family/machine cell (PF/MC) formation, and manufacturing cell
design. ... Machines are grouped into manufacturing cells. ... Part families and manufacturing cells can be formed simultaneously, along with
the assignment of part families to the cells. After the design steps have been completed, a
manufacturing cell con guration (or cell con guration, for short) is obtained. It is referred
to as a cellular manufacturing system (CMS) which consists of a set of manufacturing cells;
each cell is constituted of a group of machines and is dedicated to produce a part family. ... 2: Reported Bene ts from Cellular Manufacturing in [96]
Number of Average % Minimum % Maximum %
Types of Bene t Responses Improvement Improvement Improvement
1. ... 0
Balllkur and Steudel [8] suggested three solution strategies based on the procedure used to
form part families and manufacturing cells. ... Manufacturing cells are created rst based on similarity in part routings, then the parts
are allocated to the cells. ... Part families and manufacturing cells are formed simultaneously. ... Manufacturing cells are formed with the objective
of minimizing intercell moves. ...
Further, any cell con guration should satisfy operational goals (constraints) such as desired
machine utilization, production volume, number of manufacturing cells, cell sizes, etc. ... PCA-based
systems are traditionally design-oriented or shape-based, therefore, they are ideal for
component variety reduction. Some PCA-based systems, for example Opitz [61], incor-
porate production-based codes as supplemental codes, which can be used for production
planning. ... These models aim at obtaining
disconnected subgraphs from a machine-machine or machine-part graph to identify
manufacturing cells and allocate parts to cells. ... AI-based approaches, such as expert systems [9], [22] and neural networks [82], have
been employed for designing CMSs because of their attractiveness in terms of com-
putational time and ability to capture and employ design knowledge. ... Second is
the lack of accounting for the presence of routing
exibility in cellular systems, which often
exists due to the availability of multi-function machines.
Approximate Word count = 5300
Approximate Pages = 21.2
(250 words per page double spaced)
|
|
|
|
|
|