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... He was a social cognitive theorist and believed that personality is created by such things as behavior and environment. ... Skinner is a behavioral analyst known for several scientific behavioral analysis experiments. ... Watson argued that any science of behavior must be based on observable events rather than on inferred ones. Skinner focused on observable behavior to support his theories.
In 1938, he published his first book, The Behavior Organisms. In this book, he defines his basic unit of behavior as being the operant. ... Instead, he studied behavioral analysis towards shaping human behavior. ... It is based on three conditions: behavior, consequence, and antecedent. ...
He believed that in order to increase probability of repetition response, one must use positive reinforcement by encouraging any behavior by using a desired reinforcer as a reward and negative reinforcement by encouraging any behavior by removing an aversive stimulus when the behavior occurs. ... Another assumption is that the personality is molded by the interaction between behavior, personal factors, and the environment. ... Bandura strongly believed that environment, behavior, and personality are responsible for human action. Also, he believed that behavior is partially a function of the environment, but conversely, the environment is partially a function of behavior. In the larger picture such cognitive factors as memory, anticipation, planning, and judging are crucial in the overall scheme of things, because people are able to use all these elements to influence their environment and behavior.
In his theory of reciprocal determinism, Bandura believed that people have the ability to influence their environment and their behavior. ...
According to Bandura, self-system is a set of cognitive structures that give some degree of consistency to peoples behavior. The self system, which includes self-evaluation, self-regulation, and self-efficacy, allows people to observe and symbolize their own behavior and to evaluate it on the basis of anticipated future consequences. ... Thus he believed that ones behavior can be changed if one has the confidence in oneself to stop performing a particular act. ...
When Rotter developed his Social Learning Theory, the dominant perspective in clinical psychology at the time was Freuds psychoanalysis, which focused on peoples deep-seeded instinctual motives as determining behavior. ...
Rotter sees personality, and therefore behavior, as always changeable. Change the way one thinks, or change the environment one is responding to, and behavior will change. ... He has four main components to his social learning theory model predicting behavior potential, expectancy, reinforcement value, and the psychological situation.
Behavior Potential: This is the likelihood of engaging in a particular behavior in a specific situation. ...
Expectancy: This is the subjective probability that a given behavior will lead to a particular outcome, or reinforcer. ...
Reinforcement Value: Reinforcement is another name for the outcomes of our behavior. ...
Predictive Formula: Behavior Potential, Expectancy, and Reinforcement Value can be combined into a predictive formula for behavior.
Approximate Word count = 2320
Approximate Pages = 9.3
(250 words per page double spaced)
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