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Before unification, Italy underwent many centuries of irreconcilable division between the different independent states that made up the Italian peninsula. ...
Italy under French Domination.
In the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century the French Revolution had a direct influence in Italy, and there were revolts against various despotic rulers. ... Northern and Central Italy was now re-divided into four republics: the Cisalpine, with its capital in Milan; the Ligurian, with Genoa for Capital; the Cispadane, with Bologna as its capital; and the Tiberine, with its capital in Rome. ...
Napoleon’s fall: Austria regains control of Italy. ... To decide on the new division of Europe, a Congress in Vienna was organised, in which important decisions were taken that concerned Italy: Venice and Lombardy were given to the Austrians as a compensation for their loss of Belgium. ... In Northern Italy, the old Kingdom of Sardinia was restored under the rule of Victor Emmanuel I, with the addition of Genoa. ... From 1831 to 18446 Italy remained discontentedly and uneasily tranquil. ... Meanwhile, the great men who were destined to achieve the future union of Italy appeared upon the stage.
Giuseppe Mazzini and the Young Italy Movement.
Giuseppe Mazzini, born in 1808 at Genoa, made himself the recognised voice head of a party called “Young Italy”. ... The Young Italy Society appealed to all classes on a national basis, and gave an almost religious fervour to the cause of unity and independence. ...
In 1833, Mazzini organized an armed attempt in Piedmont with the aim of deposing King Charles Albert and establishing a constitutional government which would take the lead in a general rising throughout Italy against Austria. Even though the revolt was crashed and many of its leaders were arrested, Mazzini managed to escape to France, from where he continued his organization of “Young Italy” until he was expelled from that country. ... Their members wished to see all the separate states of Italy leagued together in a federation presided over by the Pope. The most influential man belonging to his group was the writer Gioberti, who wished to see the Pope take the leadership of Italy and remove the Austrian influence. ...
While Italy was thus engaged in making terms with her own sovereigns in 1848, the French declared France a republic. This altered affairs in Italy. ... Despite an early success by Garibaldi, a Young Italy Society member, the French forces brought the Republic to an end. ... This development brought about a longstanding opposition between the Pope and Piedmont, and later between the kingdom of Italy and the Pope. ...
As Britain would not help Cavour with military support after the Crimean War (although she showed sympathy for the cause of liberal nationalism in Italy) Cavour determined to rely on Napoleon III. ... Piedmont would gain Lombardy and Venetia from Austria and would form the new kingdom of Upper Italy. ... He conquered Sicily and Naples but his intention was to march on to Rome and turn over the whole of southern Italy to king Victor Emmanuel.
Approximate Word count = 2473
Approximate Pages = 9.9
(250 words per page double spaced)
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