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Objective: Mechanisms underlying mucosal transmission of HIV-1 are incompletely understood. We describe the anti-HIV-1 activity of human [beta]-defensins (hBD), small cationic molecules that provide protection at mucosal surfaces. Methods and results: HIV-1 induced expression of hBD-2 and -3 mRNA (but not that of hBD-1) 4- to 78-fold, respectively, above baseline in normal human oral epithelial cells. HIV-1 failed to infect these cells, even after 5 days of exposure. Recombinant hBD-1 had no antiviral activity, while rhBD-2 and rhBD-3 showed concentration-dependent inhibition of HIV-1 replication without cellular toxicity. Inhibition was greater against CXCR4-tropic than against the CCR5-tropic HIV-1 isolates.
Approximate Word count = 388
Approximate Pages = 1.6
(250 words per page double spaced)
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