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Network and Telecommunication Concepts
NTC/360
July 28, 2003
Peer 2 Peer Files Sharing
Imagine living in a world that you would never have to pay for anything or only have to pay once and then be able to share it to your friends and family so they do not have to pay. ... I think that I myself somehow have a little bit understanding about the concept of file sharing and transferring over the Internet. ... Everyone, from an eight-year-old kid to and adult would remember how to search and download music with Napster free sharing music. ... With my limited time and researches to do this article, I am trying to point out the differences in the design architecture between Napster and another file sharing architecture, known as Gnutella. ...
To understand better the concept, let take a quick look to the Napster ‘s file sharing architecture layout bellow to give us an idea how Napster works. ...
Napster pioneered the concept of peer-to-peer file sharing. With Napster, individual people stored files that they wanted to share (typically MP3 music files) on their hard disks and shared them directly with other people without uploading these files up to the servers. Users would use a piece of Napster software that made this sharing possible. ... Then his machine became a small server able to make files available to other Napster users.
2. ... It told the central servers which files were available on his local computer. ... The legal concept behind Napster was, "All of these people are sharing the songs on their hard disks with their friends. ... Then what happened if people still want to share more and more files around the world when Napster is not available? It was only a matter of time before another system came along to fill the gap, for instant Gnutella, another most popular software for sharing files using the same peer-to-peer technique.
Gnutellas Architecture
Similar to Napster, Gnutella also is another peer-to-peer files sharing over the internet. There are two main similarities between these two websites Gnutella and Napster:
· Users place the files they want to share on their hard disks and make them available to everyone else for downloading in peer-to-peer fashion. ...
However, there are also two big differences between Gnutella and Napster:
· There is no central database that knows all of the files available on the Gnutella network. Instead, all of the machines on the network tell each other about available files using a distributed query approach. ... The court would have to find a way to block all Gnutella network traffic at the ISP and the backbone levels of the Internet to stop people from sharing. ... Bellow are some of the popular Gnutella clients:
· BearShare
· Gnucleus
· LimeWire
· Morpheus
· WinMX
· XoloX
How a Gnutella client finds a song
There is no central server to store the names and locations of all the available files, in order for Gnutella software to work well and allow users to be able to find and download songs over the internet; its concept has to work like the order bellow;
· The user’s machine knows of at least one other Gnutella machine somewhere on the network using the IP address, or because the software has an IP address for a Gnutella host pre-programmed in. ...
· Queries for files can take some time to get a complete response. ...
There are three big things that XoloX is capable to do: search for files, transfer files to the user’s machine and look at downloaded files. ... Once a filename is in the transfer window, the copy of XoloX will connect to the peer machine to download the file. ... 2 kilobytes per second. ... User can solve this problem either by waiting (eventually a busy machine can get unbusy), by choosing files with high scores (increasing the likelihood of finding an unbusy machine), or by deleting a file that is going nowhere from the transfer window and replacing it with an identical file from the search window.
Approximate Word count = 3212
Approximate Pages = 12.8
(250 words per page double spaced)
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