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Liberalist Theory of International Relations 1. Both State and Non-State actors play important roles in the International System. The importance of non-state actors has been increasing since WWII. Non-state actors include IGOs, INGOs, TNCs, drug cartels, non-state armed organizations, etc. 2. States are not monolithic, unitary, rational actors. States are internally fragmented into various agencies, departments, key individuals, etc. and these are likely to define the national interest in terms that suit their self-interest. As competing interests are expressed within the State, the national interest is therefore defined as the compromise reached through democratic political process (Pluralist theory). 3. International System is characterized as one consisting of conflictual as well as cooperative relationships: therefore strategies of cooperation are required of all States as well. a. International trade and finance result in complex interdependencies (which are not necessarily symmetrical) and these constrain the behavior of state and non-state actors towards conflict-avoidance b.