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Four Popular Research Methods
· Rhetorical Criticism
o Seeks to explain and evaluate a rhetorical act
§ Rhetorical Act- Any act of communication deliberately designed to influence the belief or behavior of an audience
· E. ... Show
· Ad Campaign
· Act of civil disobedience
o In everyday life we frequently act as critics, analyzing and evaluating messages
o Is an extension and refinement of the everyday critical impulse
o Is a systematic way of:
§ Describing
§ Analyzing
§ Evaluating
A given act of communication
o Rhetorical Critics
§ Engage in a thorough examination of a given message and its effects
· Give special attention to:
o The situation that prompted the message
o Social Constraints
o Personal constraints that affected the speaker
§ Examine the message’s:
· Purpose
· Structure
· Style
§ Evaluate the ways in which the speaker’s rhetorical choices affected audience response
§ Are careful to articulate the critical standards they use to judge a message
o Steps in Rhetorical Criticism
§ The Critic Must take a critical approach
· Each approach:
o Based on theory that defines rhetoric and the role of a critic
o Provides a slightly different set of criteria for judging rhetorical success
§ A rhetorical critic’s goal is to increase understanding and appreciating of a rhetorical act
§ Critic must make strong case by:
· Showing s/he understands the context and the structure of the rhetorical act being judged
· Providing support for critical claims
o Rhetorical criticism is a rhetorical act in its own right, an act of argumentation that succeeds only when it enables us to understand and appreciate a message more fully
· Ethnographic Research
o Depends on “watching people in their own territory and interacting with them in their own language, on their own terms.
Approximate Word count = 1318
Approximate Pages = 5.3
(250 words per page double spaced)
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