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Fox - Chapter 1 Tissues, Organs, and Control Systems A. Organization of the Human Body 1. Atoms, molecules, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organism 2. Multicellular life a. Characteristics of life for a single cell 1) Access to resources in the environment is easy, but the cell is at risk from any changes in that environment b. Advantages of multicellular life 1) By forming an integument, organism can create a relatively stable internal environment for protection of individual cells 2) Larger size, lower surface area-to-volume ratio 3) Greater mobility e.g. for feeding, protection 4) Division of labor and cell specialization c. Disadvantages of multicellular life 1) Individual cells isolated from resources so organism has systems which carry out coordinated activities to maintain constant internal state 2) Individual cells dependent on entire organism, and the proper function of all of its systems 3) Reproduction more difficult ( finding mate, raising young) but more variability is possible for evolutionary adaptation 3. Principle systems and their functions Integumentary - (skin) Protection, temperature control, waste, sensory Skeletal - Support, mineral storage, blood cell production Muscular - Posture, movement, heat production Cardiovascular - Oxygen and nutrients to cells, carbon dioxide and waste away from cells, pH control, clots to conserve fluid, protection against disease, temperature control Lymphatic - Cleansing of interstitial fluid, protection from disease Nervous - Regulation and coordination of systems via nerve impulses Endocrine - Regulation and coordination via hormones Respiratory - Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide with atmosphere, pH control Digestive - Breakdown and assimilation of nutrients, eliminates solid waste Urinary - Removal of dissolved wastes from the blood and body fluids, pH control, fluid and electrolyte balance Reproductive - Sexual reproduction of the organism B.
Approximate Word count = 806
Approximate Pages = 3.2
(250 words per page double spaced)
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