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The treatment of type II diabetes is varied and ranges from changes in diet and exercise patterns to prescription of oral medications to regulate insulin levels. To understand what the effects of diet and exercise on the body in relation to this form of diabetes are, a brief overview of the disease is required. The disease is known as "Diabetes Mellitus," diabetes from the Greek for excessive urination, a symptom the ancients noticed, and mellitus, from the Latin for honey, because diabetic urine is filled with sugar and is sweet. In type II diabetes, the body makes insulin but cant use the insulin it makes. Type II is also referred to as "noninsulin-dependent diabetes" because individuals who have it may not have to take insulin shots to stay alive. However, as many as 58% of people with type II diabetes will need insulin as their disease progresses.( http: //diabetes. ... shtml#type2) Type II is the most common form of diabetes and at least 9 of 10 of people with diabetes have type II. The risk factors for type II diabetes are:
are over 40 years of age
are overweight
have a family history of diabetes
have had diabetes during a pregnancy
have had a baby weighing over 9 pounds
have the stress of an illness or injury
have high blood pressure
are African American
are Hispanic American
are Native American
are Asian
Everyone has glucose in their blood, whether or not they have diabetes. ... Diabetes Mellitus (there are other forms of diabetes such as Diabetes Insipidus and Gestational Diabetes) occurs either because of a lack of insulin or because of the presence of factors that prevent the body from using glucose or sugars efficiently. In people who do not have Diabetes, when carbohydrates are eaten, they are converted to glucose to provide energy. ... People with Diabetes either produce no insulin at all, insufficient insulin or the insulin they produce is not utilized due to defects in the insulin receptors. ... The following chart lists the effect of Insulin on specific organs and tissues:
Action Tissue/Organ
Effect on carbohydrate metabolism
Enhances glucose uptake into cells Adipose and muscle
Increases glycolysis Adipose and muscle
Increases glycogen synthesis Muscle and liver
Reduces glycogen breakdown Muscle and liver
Reduces gluconogenesis Liver
Effects on lipid metabolism
Reduces fat breakdown Adipose
Increases fatty acid synthesis Adipose
Increases low density lipoprotein synthesis Liver
Increases cholesterol synthesis Liver
Effects on protein metabolism
Increases amino acid transport Many tissues
Increases protein synthesis Muscle and others
Reduces protein breakdown Muscle and others
The treatment of Diabetes Mellitus is tailored to the individual. ... To enable the patient to maintain as near normal a lifestyle as possible while ensuring adequate control of his or her diabetes.
Approximate Word count = 2180
Approximate Pages = 8.7
(250 words per page double spaced)
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