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Kerala Politics
INTRODUCTION
The political history of modern Kerala has been shaped by a series of movements involving a high degree of participation by the people at various levels. The popular movements that gathered momentum in British India under the auspices of the Indian National Congress or other political parties since the last decade of the 19th century had their profound impact on politics in the State and such of those movements that took shape here under this impact have become part of the political history of modern India.
However, there were other significant political movements in Kerala which owned their origin to the interplay of local forces and in the process, acquired the character of purely local agitations with their own issues of local importance.
The fact that vast areas of the State were under the rule of highly respected royal families with their strong ties with the indigenous Nambudiri Brahmin community and that the Sanskritic culture and tradition was nourished here over the centuries by the rulers and people alike also perhaps accounts for the failure of the Dravidian movement in the neighbouring Tamil Nadu to make an impression on the public life of Kerala.
POLITICAL MOVEMENTS IN TRAVANCORE
The history of political movements in modern Travancore commencing from 1885, the year of the ascension of Sree Moolam Thirunal to the throne, can be broadly divided into three phases, viz. ...
Early Struggles in Travancore
The earliest of the political struggles in modern Travancore was the one led by Velu Thampi in 1799 against the misrule of the triumvirate comprised of Jayanthan Sankaran Nampoori, Sankaranarayana Chetti and Matthu Tharakan, to which reference has already been made. ... But in the first half of the 19th century, apart from the revolt against the British led by Velu Thampi Dalawa, there were no other political upheavals and the internal administration of the state was carried on by the rulers in an atmosphere of relative peace, with the advice of Diwans who were brought from outside. ... Travancore was again in the vortex of a political struggle and the Government resorted to a series of repressive measures to meet the situation. ...
POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT OF COCHIN
Introduction
The political movements in Cochin offer almost a contrast to those of Travancore in respect of their origin, character and course of events. There is no such phase in the modern history of Cochin as the one marked by the Memorials in the politics of Travancore. ...
POLITICAL UPHEAVALS IN MALABAR
Genesis of the National Movement
The Malabar District, being part of the erstwhile Madras Province, participated in full in the mainstream of Indian politics. ...
The delegates from Malabar used to attend the early annual sessions of the congress, though there was no organized political activity as such in those days. ... It may be noted that he was the only Keralite who adorned the Presidency in the long and checkered history of this organization.
In 1903, a political conference presided over by the veteran congress leader C. ... The tempo of political activity in Malabar reached a high crescendo during this period, thanks to the enthusiasm of the workers of these organisation.
Manjeri Political Conference (1920)
The fifth Malabar District Political Conference which took place at Manjeri (April 1920) under the Presidentship of Kasturi Ranga Iyengar, Editor of the Hindu, represents a watershed in the history of the political movement in Malabar. ... The Manjeri conference roused considerable interest in political circles and about 1,300 delegates from all parts of Malabar participated in it. ... They organized the Kerala unit of the Congress Socialist Party and functioned as a distinct group within the Kerala Provincial Congress. ...
At a meeting of the Kerala Provincial Congress Committee held at Shoranur in October 1934 a resolution was passed expressing lack of confidence in the efficacy of the Gandhian principles of truth and non-violence as weapons in the fight for Swaraj. ...
The latter emerged as the dominant group at the seventh Kerala Provincial Conference held at Calicut in May 1935 with S. ... The conference passed resolutions demanding the abolition of princely states, the formation of a United Kerala State as well as effective action to redress the grievances of the peasants and workers. ... A compromise was eventually arrived at according to which both the groups were to have equal representation in the Working Committee of the Kerala Provincial Congress Committee. ... The compromise enabled the Rightists to get pivotal positions in the Kerala Provincial Congress Committee. ... When elections were held to the Kerala Provincial Congress Committee in January 1939, the Rightists suffered a severe setback. ...
Political Developments after Independence
The post-Independence era commencing August 15, 1947 saw a realignment of political forces in Malabar. The communists emerged as a strong and well-knit political party. ... Kelappan formed the Kerala unit of the Kisan Mazdur Praja Party (K. ... The Kerala State came into being on November 1, 1956 during the period of Presidents Rule with P. ...
In March 1957 the first general elections were held to the Kerala Legislative Assembly. ... ) the new party entered into an electoral alliance with the Kerala State Muslim League. ...
The Muslim League
Any survey of the political history of Malabar would be incomplete without a reference to the role of the Muslim League. ... It was with the election to the Central Legislative Assembly from the South Canara Constituency in 1934 that the Muslim League made its debut on the political arena of Malabar. ... The All India Muslim League availed of this opportunity to start organisational activities in such centres as Tellicherry, Cannanore and Calicut with Abdur Sattar Sait as its leader and it soon established itself as an important political force in Malabar. ...
Congress and Linguistic States
It has been mentioned earlier that the Kerala Provincial Congress Committee which came into existence in 1921 on linguistic basis included the whole of the Malabar District and the States of Travancore and Cochin. ... The first All Kerala Provincial Conference under the auspices of the Congress met at Ottappalam in 1921.
It was for the first time that representatives from Malabar, Travancore and Cochin attended a conference of such political significance and size. It helped to create a sense of Kerala identity in the minds of the people. ... Such conferences as the States Peoples and the All-Kerala Kudiyan Conferences held at Ernakulam in 1928 and the Political Conferences held at Ernakulam in 1928 and Political Conferences held at Payyannur (1928), Badagara (1931) and Calicut (1935) passed resolutions emphasizing the need for the formation of a separate Province of Kerala in the new constitutional set-up.
The Political Conference held under the auspices of the Travancore district Congress Committee at Trivandrum in 1938 with Dr. ... It was, however, only in the logic of things that such a united Kerala State could not have been formed so long as British rule lasted in India and the native States of Travancore and Cochin continued to be under princely rule.
Approximate Word count = 5629
Approximate Pages = 22.5
(250 words per page double spaced)
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