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Development of the symphony in the early to mid 18th century
Orchestral music in the Eighteenth Century underwent a huge change as the Baroque period gave way to the Classical. ... The strand of music that saw the greatest development was the instrumental genre, (changes were also reflected in opera, however sacred music remained somewhat conservative) of which the symphony saw the greatest growth. ... By the time Hadyn wrote his 26th Symphony, `La Lamentatione in 1768, the concerto grosso had fallen from favour and the musical style drastically changed. ... At the end of the 17th Century, the orchestra had already begun to change from the tradition of contrasting groups of solo and tutti strings, as used by Corelli and Vivaldi, to an increasingly varied ensemble, which included pairs of brass and woodwind. ... The standard orchestra of early classicism consisted of strings and two each of oboes and horns. ... Concertos were written for harpsichord, possibly stemming from Bachs Brandenburg Concerto No. ... Wind instruments gradually became more important, from their harmony reinforcement role to playing more complex and independent musical lines. ... It began to appear in the mid-18th Century in works by Sammartini, Miča, Monn and Platti, though their contemporary, C. ... Sonata form consists of three main sections - an exposition of the themes, development, and recapitulation- and is characterized by balanced phrases that tend to be in 4 or 8-bar groups, contrasting themes or moods, modulation between tonic and dominant areas, slow harmonic rhythm and thematic development.
The 1st Movement Hadyns Symphony No 26 uses sonata form. ... The middle section develops ideas from the exposition -the first bars of this section use exactly the same rhythmic patterns as at the start of the movement - and it passes through a number of keys before a return of the opening section with both subjects in D and a final coda. Unusually, the symphony tells the story of the Easter Passion - the score is marked with names of characters; this could be seen as a piece of programme music.
Texture
Most early large-scale music, indeed most music, was contrapuntal - an art made possible by the establishment of an organized system of tonality replacing modal harmony towards the end of the Baroque period. ...
The texture in the Hadyn Symphony is very different to Bachs. ...
The move from polyphony to homophony was part of the general trend in art and culture towards increased sensibility and emotion - composers tried to make their music more direct and entertaining for the audience. ... This was melodic chromaticism that did not affect the underlying harmony; Mozart in particular used it to compensate for the simplicity of the harmonic progressions beneath.
Approximate Word count = 2181
Approximate Pages = 8.7
(250 words per page double spaced)
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