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ABSTRACT
The tremendous demands from common market are pushing the booming development of mobile communications faster than ever before, leading to a great number of new advanced techniques merging with each other. Mobile and Wireless networks of the next generation need the support of all the progress on new architectures, standards, and protocols. ... This paper discusses the different schemes of mobile and wireless networks including Fourth Generation, Wireless LAN, wireless local loops, local multipoint distributed systems, satellites, ATMs, protocols, Internet, mobile operating system, mobile IP and IPv6 mobility and quality of service.
EMERGING MOBILE AND WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES
INTRODUCTION
The boundary between mobile personal telecommunications and wireless computer networks is vanishing, through coming together of mobile and wireless communications with Internet services. With the quick improvement in both wireless networks and mobile terminals, great advancements have emerged in all the fields of mobile communications. The next generation of wireless communications will be based on a global system of both wired fixed and wireless mobile networks and services.
The use of small portable computers, wireless networks and satellites is growing at a tremendous pace. Therefore great research and development is done and a lot of that is still in progress to support the mobile computing with wireless networks. ... Mobile and wireless technology has great significance in businesses, telecommunications, personal communications, governmental processes, national defense, emergency and disaster management, Internet and almost in every field of life. ... And thus different mobile and wireless networks must be able to select the suitable network that is best as required by the user.
There are many issues of greater concern about wireless systems that are to be addressed. These include:
- Channel capacity (which is much lower in wireless systems)
- Power restrictions
- Noise levels (its impact on wireless systems is more than on wired systems)
- Frequency allocation
- Security (as information travels in free space except in infrared LANs)
It is not necessary for the mobile users to use wireless interfaces, as wireless interfaces also do not necessarily support mobility. As the technology move ahead, mobile and wireless systems are combining. ... These include:
- Optimal use of low bandwidth
- Management of large bit-error rates
- Security
- Malfunctioning of equipment
The choice of media access control (MAC) can affect both performance and use of wireless networks. ... This directly affects the operations between them and global roaming of mobile users. These differences are also affecting the standardization of the next (third) generation—3G—of wireless/mobile systems where North American companies are pushing for CDMA (or Wideband CDMA) to allow for backward compatibility with CDMA-based IS-95 while Europe is supporting TDMA for GSM compatibility. Some agreements on 3G systems have been reached, allowing all of the previously mentioned networks to inter-operate with or evolve into 3G wireless networks (www. ... Before discussing 4G systems, lets have an overview on emergence of different wireless generations.
WIRELESS GENERATIONS
The first-ever radiotelephone service was introduced in the US at the end of the 1940s, and was meant to connect different mobile users in cars to the public fixed network. In the 1960s, a new system launched by Bell Systems, called Improved Mobile Telephone Service” (IMTS), brought several developments like direct dialing and higher bandwidth. ...
1- FIRST GENERATION (1G)
This was the analog system for mobile communications. It saw two key improvements during the 1970s: the invention of the microprocessor and the digitization of the control link between the mobile phone and the cell site.
Approximate Word count = 2862
Approximate Pages = 11.4
(250 words per page double spaced)
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