TV
... ADVERTISEMENT Private Cable TV The times are achanging. ... How France, Germany and Sweden introduced private, cable and satellite TV - a comparison over the past 10 years. ... Before starting to write about TV in Sweden, Germany and France, we wanted to compare French,German and Swedish media. But on account of the wideness of this analysis, we decided to focus on the evolution of TV broadcasting during these last 10 years. ... Furthermore as we came from different countries and live now in an other one, we found it interesting to compare the three countries (France, Germany and Sweden) TV-broadcasting system. ... BASICS In our paper you will find the following technical terms: ¥ terrestrial broadcasting: this is the basic technology used to broadcast radio and TV. ... : Swedish TV 1, 2 and 4; German ARD, ZDF, 3. ... ¥ cable TV: the reason why you have only a few frequencies by using terrestrial broadcasting is that terestrial broadcasting is influenced by physical phenomens (bandwith) whereas broadcasting in a cable is shielded/protected from outside influences. ... Instead of connecting to an antenna cable- households connect their TV-sets to the cable-network. ... To connect a TV-set to the "dish" you also need a device that converts the received satellite-signals to signals that can be used by a standard TV-set. ... Satellites can also be used for telephone-connections, TV- or radio-broadcasting. ... TV-BROADCASTING IN FRANCE 3.1 HISTORY TO BE FILLED WITH THE BEGINNING (PUBLIC TV 1930S - 1984) The first broadcasting tests happenned in the late 30Ôs like in Germany. ... At this time, it already existed five public channels : TF1 (which is since 1987 privatized), A2 (rebaptised France 2 a generalist broadcasting television), FR3 (today called France 3, a national and regional TV), TV 5 Europe (European channel launched in 1983, transmits programmes broadcast in French-speaking countries by satellite) and RFO (transmits radio and TV programmes to French overseas territories and possessions). ... To summarise, today the French TV-broadcasters are : public: France 2 private : France 3 M6 Arte TF 1 La Cinquieme Canal+ (pay-tv) RFO TV 5 3.2 CABLE/SATELLITE TV Cable channels were launched in France in 1984, 2% of the households were cabled. ... TV-BROADCASTING IN GERMANY 4.1 HISTORY The first TV-experiments in Germany were made in the 1930s to broadcast e. ... After World War II the harbinger of the first German TV-station ARD began broadcasting under allied control in 1949 in northern Germany and Northrhine-Westfalia under the responsibility of the NWDR-Laenderanstalt. ... The ZDF produces TV on its own but the station is indirectly controlled by a conference of the states. ... Private TV-programmes were introduced in 1984. ... There were 15 Germany-based TV-broadcasters in 1994. To summarise, today the Germany-based TV-broadcasters are : public: ARD private (general interest): ZDF RTL Arte (with F) Sat 1 3-Sat (with AU + CH) Pro7 DW-TV (foreign service) private (special interest): private (pay TV): Kabel 1 Premiere Vox Viva RTL 2 DSF n-tv Definitions on the next page! ... 2 CABLE/SATELLITE TV The German PTT developed as one of the first PTT«s in Europe standards in cabling private households. But in the late 70«s the social democrats (SPD) blocked the PTT because the Bonn government was afraid that cable technology would lead into private TV. ... The first private TV-broadcasters (SAT-1 and RTLplus) got their license for a cable-trial-project in Ludwigshafen in 1984. ... This was the beginning of private TV in Germany and a trial-project became regular-service within a few months. ... After a decision from the highest court in 1986 commercial TV was legal. The social democrats (SPD) changed their politics against private TV in the late 80« s and gave licenses to a few of the most important private broadcasters in states with a SPD majority.