Haiti
...n the British soldiers (many began to flee) o The British agreed evacuate but left all the military installations intact. o Toussaint promised to protect the lives and property of those who stayed o (truce of 5 weeks) o Britain only held Jeremie • Churchill broke through the mulatto encirclement and pushed force into Tiburon o The second phase of the offensive began o Colonel Dessources landed his British force at Cape Irois. Toussaint rushed aid and drew the British away • Hedouville went to the capital of Santo Domingo o Learned the French plans to invade Jamaica o Maitland agreed to withdraw Accomplished his prupose: intensify the tension between the French and Toussaint. • Americans would have British support and Toussaint pledged never to attack Jamaica. • By early October, the last British troop left Saint-Domingue. • Toussaint relationship with Hedouville deteriorated. o Hedouville tried to control Toussaint through constant harassment • British surrendered Mole Saint Nicolas • Hedouville convinced Rigaud that Toussaint must be defeated and Jamaica invaded o Toussaint saw the opportunity as one to expand o Toussaint led his army and thousands of Negro cultivators to Le Cap Francois Hedouville had no choice but to flee • On June 1798, the US Congress passed a trade embargo against France • Toussaint greatly valued American friendship and saw the US play an imp. Role in the reconstruction of Saint-Domingue. • Toussaint worked to prepare the stage for his showdown with Rigaud o Signed a tripartite treaty with Britain and the US • Roume attempted a conference with Rigaud or Toussaint • Toussaint signs tripartite with Britain and the US • Excluded Riguads South Province form Anglo American trade • Protected Jamaica and the Southern US form the attack by the blacks • Guaranteed that the British navy would neither interrupt commerce nor molest Toussaint’s small navy • Heads of Regulations ( opposed indoctrination of the slaves) • Actions shocked Rousme • Roume claimed the treaty shouldn’t have been made because England and France were at war • Stevens had exceeded his power as consul general • Toussaint fixed his gaze on Rigaud on South Province and ignored the protests of the magistrate. Roume attempted an earlier conference between the two warriors. • January 1799 two leaders (Riguand and Toussaint) and their followers met at Port au Prince Major Issue: whether Toussaint or Rigaud had title of tow border towns • Roume proposed that both places be recognized within Toussaint’s territory Rigaud furious and left the conference Toussaint didn’t like the mulattoes. • February to June 1799 Toussaint and Rigaud laid in the grounds for civil war Each clamed each other as rebels Verbal combat • Rigaud stuck first Mulattoes killed blacks and whites (War of Knives) • Toussaint reacted mulattoes of North and west provinces rose in rebellion on signal form Rigaud. T. personally led troops in suppressing the mulatto uprisings which threatened his rear. • T. summarily executed many conspirators. • Mulattoes tried to seize Le Cap Francois but failed; in retaliation Toussaint executed 50 of them. • October 29 Toussaint reacquired Mole St. Nicolas • October preparations were being made by Toussaint to attack Rigaud in the South • US didn’t take part in any black offensive To the Us Rigauds ties to Frances represented a threat to American commerce. • Toussaint’s southern offensive was stalled at Jacmel by commander Petion • Toussaint decided to close in on Jacmel in a coordinated land and see operation. • Toxicant didn’t intend to permit an attack on Jamaica bust topped the agents only after a sharp British reaction. • Capture of the black armada left a gap but was filled by the nave of the US. • American frigates gave Toussaint’s army close support and destroyed the privateering barges of Rigauds. • March 11, 1800 Petion hacked his way out of Jacmel, but the blacks fell on his retreating army and killed and capture mulatto soldiers. Gens de couleur was crushed. • France attempted to rescue Rigaud from almost certain destruction. • News of Political change in France arrive to Toussaint • Bonaparte had confirmed his position as commander in chief of the army of Saint Domingue. • Constitution of the Year VIII (December 26, 1799) indicated the return of the ancient regime for Saint Domingue. • Toussaint had to obey Bonaparte’s direct orders. • Toussaint offered clemency to South Province. • Toussaint offered pardons to whose who had joined the mulatto army, exile and brief imprisonment for some of the gens de couleur leaders, • Safety for Rigauds family, and permission for Rigaud t...