Questions
... 8. Wilkinson identifies some widely shared principles of environmental policy yet argues that policy does not proceed in accordance with them. Explain his principles and argument. Within your discussion be sure to integrate the concept of a "subsidy." 9. Identify and explain three challenges of community-based conservation. As part of your response, be sure to explain why the decision _process_ (rather than just the decision outcome) has come into relevance. 1. Challenge of Social Legitimacy perceived fairness of stakeholders. 2. Value of Experts 3. 10. What is an "idealized" landscape? Within your discussion, integrate concepts of "truths" and/or "myths" about idealized landscape? 11. Why has there been a change in environmental decision-making from expert-based to expert-informed? Be sure to integrate the role(s) of science in each of these decision-making models. 12. What is a problem with the "use vs. preservation" dichotomy? Include in your discussion comments on whether the dichotomy is useful to understand environmental issues and its ability to express values toward nature. 13. Explain the following bumper sticker: Are you an environmentalist or do you work for a living? Why does White criticize this dichotomy? 14. Some environmentalists blame modern technology for the world's environmental problems, yet embrace a pre-modern (or archaic) technology of farming and developing natural resources. Appreciate and criticize this perspective. 15. Chicago's Hull House embodied perspectives toward nature that were different than the dominant views of the turn of this century. Discuss the social context of Hull House and its relationship to idealized natural landscapes and environmental activism. 16. Runte argues that the meaning of the national parks changed from "illusions of monumentalism" to "illusions of primitive America." Explain his argument, and be sure to address why this transformation dealt with "illusions." 17. Alston Chase criticizes the National Park Service for their response to the Leopold Report of 1963. What is the major point of this report? What was the NPS response? Why does Chase criticize the NPS? Within your response, be sure to discuss what needs to be "saved" within the national parks, and explain strategies to do the saving. 18. What is the "nature" of urban and industrial environmentalism? Why is there a need such a political movement? Home and Workplace. Political, because it deals with issues of social justice 19. Who were the following people? About when did they live? What were their ideas about nature? Albert Bierstadt artist, known for highly romanticized landscape paintings of the Golden West. Enormous, dramatic, almost sublime, with light effects of western landscapes. Carla Cowles Studied slave history and attempted to run programs on slave life. The more she learned of the mistreatment of blacks, the more she hated whites. Thought this program was meaningful because it brought issues into the open, which will help begin discussion on race to overcome conflict. Historical. Thomas Cole founder of Hudson river school luminous. Appreciation of wild nature. Artwork omitted signs of humans or reduced human works to ant-like proportions. Dramatic lighting that seemed to emanate from the landscape itself. Native Americans as noble savages living dignified life. Jane Addams Founder of Hull House in Chicago (1888) as linked to contesting the urban and industrial order of the turn-of-the-century. Alice Hamilton resident of Hull House. As a reformer, advocate and careful researcher. Social order and public health Harvard. Social vision is one of reformation or urban society to improve human quality of life. Concerned about what industries produced and how they produced it. Focused on products and their processes being safe for humans. Henry Longfellow Hiawatha Jack London Call of the Wild Roderick Nash Wilderness and the American Mind John Muir - Preservation Ansel Adams American Western landscapes, tragic story, found redemptive beauty in wilderness preservationist, artist - Yosemite Gifford Pinchot Use. First director of the USFS Theodore Roosevelt - Prez Henry Thoreau American Transcendentalism extension of romanticism, Nature is symbolic of universal truths, humans must trascend the physical world in order to penetrate to the divine truths. He had a pastoral, rural ideal, embodied in Walden. When you are free of the material world, you can find the universal truths. Ralph Waldo Emerson also part of this movement. Frederick Jackson Turner Frontier Hypothesis Betty Hertzog Owner of Magnolia Plantation. Against NPS thought the portrayal of slavery would do harm to her familys past and reputation. Wanted to focus on plantation home/agriculture and not on slavery. Pride. Stephen Mather First Director of the NPS. Wanted to bring the wealthy to the national parks. 20. Identify and explain three ways in which advancement in science has affected our values toward nature. Ecosystem management. Precautionary principle Citizens in nature vs. dominating 21. Using two ideas from class, explain the significance of the tallgrass prairie at Meadowbrook Park. 22. Using Cronon's framework regarding narratives about nature, identify the story of nature aligned with the National Park Service. In other words, what story (or myth) about nature is the NPS in the business of perpetuating? 23. Identify and explain 5 sources of complexity about environmental decisions. Multiple parities, many issues, cultural differences,...