Renal Disorders with AIDS & HIV
...is of HIVAN is made through renal biopsy. Findings from light microscopy of the biopsied kidney tissue will most commonly reveal a focal collapsing form of segmental glomerulosclersosis. The term focal indicates a change in less than 50% of the glomeruli. It is typical practice to obtain a renal biopsy specimen if the patient’s daily protein excretion is greater than one gram. Other studies include ultrasound imaging, urinalysis, and hemotalogical studies. Ultrasound will reveal normal-to-large, echogenic kidneys. This is due to prominent interstitial expansion by cellular infiltrate and markedly dilated tubules containing voluminous casts. Urinalysis shows microhematuria, proteinuria, leukocytes, hyaline casts, and oval fat bodies, but no cellular casts. Serum levels may show electrolyte abnormalities that reflect total body water, such as hyponatremia and hyperkalemia. There may also be hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and azotemia....