plankalkul
...alue is used in function invocation • variables are local to functions (programs) • it is a typed language • the fundamental data types are arrays and tuples of arrays • the type of the variables does not need to be declared in a special header • conditionals are processed using guarded commands • there is a WHILE construct for iteration • there is no GOTO construct • It included an interative statement similar to the Ada FOR. • It also had the command FIN with a superscript that specified a jump out of a given number of iteration loop nestings or to the beginning of a new iteration cycle. • It included a selection statement but it didn’t allow an else clause. • It included programs to sort arrays of numbers, test the connectivity of a given graph, carry out integer and floating point operations (including square root), and perform syntax analysis on logic formulas that had parentheses and operators in six different levels of precedence. Variables: Variable names consist of a letter and an integer number. The letter denotes the use of the variable: V stands for an input variable, Z for an intermediate variable, and R for an output variable. Constants are denoted by C. A variable is called by value. Its scope is the program in which it is declared. Example: V1 = V2 => R1. It means: Compare the variables V1 and V2: If they are identical then assign the value true to R1, otherwise assign the value false. Programs: A program consists of a sequence of program equations. A program has a name under which it can be invoked. Programs and program equations have input and output variables. Internally, program inputs are inputs to program equations, and some of the program equation outputs will be the program outputs. An intermediate variable is used if the result of a program equation is not a program output but merely passed as input to a following program equation. Syntax: Each statement consisted of two or three lines of code. The first line was most like the statement of current languages. The second line (optional) contained the subscripts of the array references in the first line. The last line contained the type names for the variables mentioned in the first line. The row labeled V is for subscripts and the row labeled S is for the data types | A +...