Protiens in Depth
...Next a protein’s secondary structure often cotains long stretched out chains of amino acids called strands, which line up together to make sheets. These are called beta strands, and the sheets are called beta-pleated sheets. A protein may contain either or both alpha helices and beta pleated sheets. Alpha Helices and beta pleated sheets are joined by less clear structures often grouped by or under the name of coil. Few small proteins maybe a coil or made by a coil. The shape of a protein is also important, proteins being how they are coiled and twisted, which give it a unique shape. The shape of a protein depends on the sequence of the amino acids, which can be hydrophilic or phobic. Those that are philic want to contact with water and will be twisted to maximize the contact involved Those that are phobic are twisted in such a way to minimize the contact that is involved. Changing one amino acid in the polypeptide sequence can destroy the shape of the protein and make the protein function improperly or maybe not at all. One very important function that proteins can serve are to act as catalyst for the body. Enzymes are organic catalyst which are made up of proteins. They speed up the process or reactions inside of an organism. An enzyme cataylzes a molecule, that is called a substrate. Enzymes or proteins can only act on the substrate if they were designed to do this. This is because of the protein shape. If a molecules substrate shape matches the enzymes active site, it undergoes a process that is meant for that enzyme. They can either break or put together substrates. Also they can even enhance the rate of reactions by 100x the normal per second rate. There are fibrous and globular types of proteins, two types. The major fibrous proteins are collagen, keratin, fibrinogen, and muscle proteins. Keratin, which makes up the outmost layer of the skin and hair, scales, hooves, nails, and fathers of animals twist into a regularly repeating coil called an alpha helix. Collagen which makes up the bones, tendons, skin, and cartilage, is the most abundant protein found in the vertebrate family. Going further fibrinogen is the blood plasma responsible for blood clotting(the protein). And last, myosin is a protein chiefly responsible for muscle contraction, it combines with actin, another from of muscle protein, forming actomysin, and these different filaments of which shorten, cause the contraction. Globular proteins are spherical and highly soulble. In which they play a dynamic role in the body: Metabolism. Examples of this would be albumin, casein, hemoglobin, and all of the enzymes, as well as protein hormones. The albumins are classes of soluble proteins abundant in animal cells, blood serum, and milk. Hemoglobin is a respiratory protein that carries oxygen throughout the body, which is responsible for the bright red color of red blood cells. The enzymes, which are all globular proteins, help and combine rapidly with different types of substances, and are respo...