Dreams
...tself and contains the whole meaning of the dream. Jung stressed reading the dream as text metaphor prior to the interpretation. He gradually moved from Freud's free association toward a method that he called amplification which is extending and deepening the dream content with images from a variety of sources. Jung's awareness that interpretation depended completely on that initial process of reading is conformed by practicing translators. “In The Alchemy of Discourse” where Paul Kugler sets out a development, use, and interpretation of language that he derives from the work of Jung. He starts out by showing what Freud and Jung have in common and then traces their difference of opinion. Kugler put Freud and Jung in competition over their understanding and interpretations of dreams. Kugler argues that "Perhaps the reason dreamers, poets, and madmen display such an uncanny sense of the imagination is that their perceptual systems-like those of the oral tellers of myths-are tuned to the invariant archetypal structures of sound and image" (Kugler 1982, 28). "Each human language maps the world differently." (Steiner, 1992, xiv) George Steiner wanted a universal language for interpreting dreams of all individual minds. Even though Steiner spoke three languages, he did not describe himself as a linguist. Steiner made justifiable claim ahead of his time in translation studies and had an understanding of their significance. Researchers have raised the doubt, whether dreams are meaningful and thus worthy of interpretation. It has been proposed that dream images are randomly generated by the burst of random nerve cells in the Brainstem during the REM sleep. It is believed that images are meaningless but dreams represent the higher brain’s efforts to make sense of the haphazard signals generated by the lower brain. Dreams may have a meaningful reflection of unconscious mind and may serve a problem solving function. Interpreting these dreams would lead to the information about oneself that would be difficult to get otherwise. If dreams represent a message from one’s unconscious mind that needs to be heard and attended to, then interpretation of dreams could have a positive and some times a negative outcome. An alternate explanation for the desired effect of the dream interpretation could be that one can create a meaning out of meaningless symbols. Therefore, the actual dream could be meaningless but one could create a meaning when they interpret it. An experiment was conducted by five therapists who had 60 randomly assigned subjects who were tested in three conditions of own dream, other dream, and own event. Therapists practiced all three conditions with each other until they felt comfortable in delivering all conditions. Therapists were urged to see the benefits in all three conditions and withhold judgment about which condition would be best. Subjects had to talk about their own recent dream, someone else’s dream, or a recent troubling event. Interpreting one’s own dream was superior to interpreting another person’s dream and inter...