The Controversial Issue on the Newly Discovered Neutron Star
...s so dense it can't be reproduced on Earth," said study leader Tod Strohmayer in a telephone interview. "We can't get a piece of this material and examine it ourselves." (Tariq Malik, Science Tuesday) Scientist are not able to made a neutron in the labs today. A neutron is a proton and an electron that have been slammed together so hard that thier kinetic energy has been destroyed. Atmosphere, Outer crust, Inner crust, Core, and Central core are the main parts of . “In the central core of a neutron star there are no stable atoms or nuclei; only elementary particles can survive the extreme conditions of pressure and temperature”(S. Glashow) All of the different layers are not like all the other stars that is why so may new discovery have come form the neutron star. The neutron star resembles a single giant nucleus because the density everywhere except in the outer shell is as high as the density in the nuclei of ordinary matter. (Glashow). The neutron star is like a big atom. The center core has so much pressure on it scientist think that the only thing that will be there is quarks. This is one of the other things that make the neutron star confrontational. For many years scientist had thought the elementary particles were the protons, neutrons, and electrons. “At this time it appears that the two basic constituents of matter are the lepton and quark.” (S. Glashow) So now the elementary particles are the lepton and quark. Quarks make up protons and neutron, and leptons make up electrons. The known quarks and leptons, for instance, are typically grouped in three families (where each family contains two quarks and two leptons); investigators have wondered whether additional families of elementary particles might be found. (Glashow). There are six different kinds of Quarks. Each quark is named according to what charge it is, how it acts, and where it is when they combined. The names are up, down, charmed, strange, top, and bottom. The up and down are the two most command ones. The up quark has an electrical charge of +2/3. The down quarks have an electrical charge of –1/3. To make a proton, which has a positive charge, takes two up and one down. If the charges are all added together the charge will be +1. The neutron is a little different. Made-up of the same parts such as the up and down but in different amounts. The neutron doses not have a charge. To make a neutron out of quarks it take one up and two down, and when their charge is added together it comes out to be 0. Proton U+U+D +2/3 +2/3 –1/3 = 1 Neutron U+D+D +2/3 –1/3 –1/3 =0 For every up, down, charmed, strange, top, and bottom quark there is an antiquaks for each one. The antiquark acts the same as the quarks do. The antiquarks have the same attractions as any of the quarks. So to make an antimatter proton it takes two anti up and one anti down. The charge is still the same as if it was just another quark. The way the antiquark and the quark differ is that if a quark toughs an antiquark there will be a big explosion canceling them both out. The thing the hold both the protons and the neutrons together in a nucleus is the strong nuclear force. The strong nuclear force only applies for the quarks and not the leptons. A star goes through phases as it goes through its life. The Sun is a relatively small star so it will have a different life cycle than a Super Giant. Because the computed lifetimes of stars range from millions to billions of years, one cannot follow an individual star through its life history observationally, or even observe significant changes in the whole span of human history, except from the violent events of nova and supernova explosions. (Cooke). Our Sun will start to become unstable in the core making it expanded in size. When the Sun is expanding it will be called a Red Giant. To give an idle of how big a Red Giant is our Sun will make Mars it’s new Mercy and we will be part of the Sun. Since the Red Giant is unstable it will then shrink into a White Dwarf. The White Dwarf will turn all of the extra gas into iron (which is the heaviest element know as today) making the start loose ability to hold together. The last phase is that ...