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...n all substances that are taking part are ionic. a. There is no change in the charges on any of the ions. b. there is no transfer of electrons between atoms B. Oxidation and Reduction. 1. The term oxidation was first applied to the combining of oxygen with other elements. a. Iron rust and carbon burns, are oxidation reactions. 2. Oxidation is defined as the loss of electrons from an atom or ion. 3. The term reduction was originally limited to the type of reaction in which oxide ores were reduced to their metals. b. Oxygen is removed and the free element is produced. 4. Reduction is the gain of electrons by atoms or ions. C. Oxidizing and Reducing Agents. 1. In an oxidation – reduction reaction, electrons are transferred. 2. Electrons are lost and gained at the same time and the number lost must equal the number gained. a. Oxidation and reduction must occur at the same time in a reaction. 3. Reducing agent is the substance i...