Assessment Of energy Delivery
... carbohydrates, this fuel burns quickly and does not require oxygen. (http://www.weightlossforall.com/anaerobic%20training.htm) According to (Fox 1979) during exercise the choice of the dominate pathway is dependant on the intensity and duration of exercise. However, anaerobic exercise burns more carbs they can be important in any weight loss program. They help burn fat indirectly by in increasing the metabolic rate after an exercise session. (Fitness experts Phillips &D’Orso 02) suggests exactly how to utilize anaerobic exercises to burn stored fat indirectly. In the graph in (fig 1), you can see that for two hours of cross-country skiing almost 100% of the energy used is aerobic or Type I muscle fibres. (http://btc.montana.edu/olympics/physiology/pb04.htm) Fig 1 However, during intense sports both aerobic and anaerobic work conjunction with each other. Such as cross-country skiing, Success of cross-country skiers depends largely on aerobic and anaerobic energy sources. Aerobic and anaerobic energy systems work together to provide the Olympic skiers with efficient energy sources. During the first two hours of cross-country skiing, skiers utilize aerobic and anaerobic muscle energy. As time increases, the utilization of anaerobic muscle energy decreases. For example, for the first minute of skiing, the skier uses 70% of anaerobic energy (Type II muscle fibre) and at one hour the skier uses only 2% of anaerobic muscle energy. The opposite is true for the utilization of aerobic energy use. For the first minute of skiing, the skier uses 30% of aerobic energy (Type I muscle fibres) and at one hour, the skier is using 98% of aerobic energy. (http://btc.montana.edu/olympics/physiology/pb04.htm) However, (Sports adviser 2001-2004) suggests here is only a small quantity of ATP stored compound called PCr (phosphocreatine). Combined, ATP and PCr will give you about 5 to 8 seconds worth of energy in all-out activity. If activity continues after the stores of ATP and PCr have run out, the lactic acid system begins to outweigh... Lactic Acid System (Anaerobic Glycolysis) Very simply, carbohydrate stored in the body is broken down and used to form ATP in a process known as anaerobic glycolysis. (Sports adviser 2001-2004) (Brooks 1984) explains that the chemical reactions that take place during the lactic acid system do so without the presence of oxygen. Therefore, it has labelled an anaerobic process. In addition, by-product of anaerobic exercise is lactic acid... Example of this can been seen on the track and field event of the 100M , Top athletes run this event regularly under 10 seconds. The ATP-PCr system powers a sprinter for most of the race. If you watch a slow motion reply of a 100m sprinter you will notice they do not breathe. With pursed lips, their face is a picture of concentration. All of their energy production is from anaerobic processes that occur without oxygen. Whenever you exercise there is always a threshold you cross or try to cross. By understanding the anaerobic threshold, it makes you or anyone else that understands a better athlete. There are different tests that athletes endure such as the Wingate test. The Wingate test is an all out effort on a cycle or hand crank ergo meter that determines; peak power generated and the capacity to resist fatigue. The test lasts between 30 – 90 seconds depending on the nature of the sport. It was introduced in the 1970s from the institute in Israel. Hockey players, figure skaters, wheelchair athletes, track cyclists, and downhill skiers wanting to establish and train their ability to generate power have routinely used the test. Wingate testing provides the following information: Peak Power – absolute (Watts) and relative (Watts/kg) Mean Power – absolute (Watts) and relative (Watts/kg) Fatigue Index - percentage power drop off from peak (Winder & Hickson 1979). In the picture above this demonstrates the Wingate test Another test athletes would endure would be the Vertical Jump Test (Sergeant Jump) The athlete stands side on to a wall and reaches up with the hand closest to the wall. Keeping the feet flat on the ground, the point of the fingertips is marked or recorded. The athlete then stands away from the wall, and jumps vertically as high as possible using both arms and legs to assist in projecting the body upwards. Attempt to touch the wall at the highest point of the jump. The difference in distance between the reach height and the jump height is the score. The best of three attempts is recorded (in table 1 shown below) rating males (cm) females (cm) excellent > 70 > 60 very good 61-70 51-60 above average 51-60 41-50 average 41-50 31-40 below average 31-40 21-30 poor 21-30 11-20 very poor < 21 < 11 Table 1 The other option for understanding how good an athlete you are and crossing the anaerobic threshold is undertaking the V02 max test, this is where the point at which your body cannot increase its intake of oxygen despite an increase in exercise intensity. Exercise beyond this point has to be anaerobic (without oxygen). The result is high levels of blood lactate that puts a halt to your progress. For mo...