Business Studies
...means that motivation at work for performing well is low and absenteeism is high because of this. Because of the long chain of command and narrow span of control, this model works well when the jobs being performed are repetitive and labour intensive. McDonalds is one of the most famous and yet most successful business which implements the scientific/classical model in the work place. This is because McDonalds strive for consistency among their products and therefore deter anyone from making decisions except for the high levels of management. The role of managers within the scientific/classical model is defined by using three terms: 1) PLANNING- Deciding what activities must done. 2) ORGANISING- Deciding on how the activities will be done and who will do them. 3) CONTROLLING- Making sure the activity is going according to plan and to implement any corrective measures if it isn’t. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF THE SCIENTIFIC / CLASSICAL MODEL ADVANTAGES - Effective in labour intensive or repetitive activities. - Being able to match jobs to the people with the correct skills. - Work time is not lost due to retraining people in new jobs. DISADVANTAGES - Morale of workers may be low if the only motivation is money. - Less points of view on decisions. - Time and information may be lost in communicating information down the chain of command. - May not be able to replace workers if they are sick. BEHAVIORAL MODEL The behavioural model of management is seen as a more modern approach to the management structure. In this structure, the business’ span of control is wide which means there are fewer managers supervising workers, encouraging the workers to make decisions. The chain of command in a behavioural model is very short which reduces the number of higher management positions. One of the main principals of the behavioural model is to create a “team friendly” environment. This means that workers are encouraged to form groups within the business to achieve common goals or objectives. Another principal in the behavioural model is the belief that workers are able to contribute ideas and therefore be motivated to work more efficiently because they feel they hold an important role in the business. The role of managers within the behavioural model is defined by using three terms: 1) LEADING- Provide direction to the teams. 2) MOTIVATING- Providing motivation to workers. 3) COMMUNTCATE- Communicate ideas and goals of the business to these teams. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF THE BAHAVIORAL MODEL ADVANTAGES - Increased motivation and commitment of workers. - “Flatter” structure means increased communication and decreased industrial conflict. - Employees align their interests with the business. DISADVANTAGES - Lack of clear direction may hinder some workers who don’t want responsibility. - Unskilled, inexperienced workers may need direction. - Some workers may “fence sit” inside the teams, relying on the other team members to do the work. - Inefficient teams may waste time. - Poorly structured teams result in poor decision making. APPROACHES POLITICAL APPROACH The political approach recognises that people have conflicting interests and goals, that people aren’t necessarily motivated by the same things and that people can not be treated the same. This approach...